Effect of Thermal and Mechanical Aging on Flexural Strength of Zirkonzahn and Mamut Zirconia Ceramics
Journal of Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Vol. 32 No. 3 (2014),
13 March 2019
,
Page 132-138
https://doi.org/10.22037/jds.v32i3.24788
Abstract
Objective: Despite the high strength of zirconia restorations, aging in the oral environment and masticatory loading may result in transformation of tetragonal to monoclinic phase and decrease their strength. Statements in this regard are controversial. This study sought to compare the flexural strength (FS) of Zirkonzahn (ZirkonZahn, Cercon, Ceramill) and Mamut (Dubai Medical Equipment LLC, Dubai, UAE) zirconia ceramics and assess the effect of thermal and mechanical aging on their FS.
Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 40 bar-shaped specimens measuring 20×5×2 mm were cut from Zirkonzahn and Mamut zirconia blocks and polished. Specimens in the aging groups were subjected to thermocycling (12,000 cycles, 5-55°C, dwell time of 20 seconds). Next, they were subjected to mechanical stress in a chewing simulator (40,000 cycles, 200N force). The three-point flexural strength (TPFS) was determined in megapascal (MPa) using a Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA.
Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of TPFS of Zirkonzahn and Mamut specimens in the no aging group was 809.57 (205.95) and 708.53 (158.72) MPa, respectively. These values were
810.53 (158.96) and 839.06 (217.49) MPa for the Zirkonzahn and Mamut specimens subjected to aging, respectively. Type of zirconia (Zirkonzahn or Mamut) and exposure to aging process (p=0.27) had no significant effect on TPFS of specimens.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the process of aging did not decrease the TPFS of Zirkonzahn and Mamut specimens. Thus, these ceramics may be successfully used in the clinical setting.
- Aging
- Ceramic
- Strength
- Zirconia
How to Cite
References
Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater 2008; 24: 299-307.
Cattani-Lorente M, Scherrer SS, Ammann P, Jobin M, Wiskott HW. Low temperature degradation of a Y-TZP dental ceramic. Acta Biomater 2011; 7: 858-865.
Guo X. On the degradation of zirconia ceramics during low-temperature annealing in water or water vapor. J Physics Chem Solids 1999; 60: 539-546.
Kawai Y, Uo M, Wang Y, Kono S, Ohnuki S, Watari F. Phase transformation of zirconia ceramics by hydrothermal degradation. Dent Mater J 2011; 30: 286-292.
Lawson S. Environmental degradation of zirconia ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 1995; 15: 485-502.
Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Matsumura H, Ban S, Kobayashi T. Current status of zirconia restoration. J Prosthodont Res 2013; 57: 236-261.
Sanon C, Chevalier J, Douillard T, Kohal RJ, Coelho PG, Hjerppe J et al. Low temperature degradation and reliability of one-piece ceramic oral implants with a porous surface. Dent Mater 2013; 29: 389-397.
Chevalier J, Olagnon C, Fantozzi G. Subcritical crack propagation in 3Y-TZP ceramics: static and cyclic fatigue. J Am Ceram Soc 1999; 82: 3129-3138.
Studart AR, Filser F, Kocher P, Gauckler LJ. In vitro lifetime of dental ceramics under cyclic loading in water. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 2695-2705.
Addison O, Fleming GJ, Marquis PM. The effect of thermocycling on the strength of porcelain laminates veneer (PLV) materials. Dent Mater 2003; 19: 291-297.
Rosentritt M, Behr M, Gebhard R, Handel G. Influence of stress simulation parameters on the fracture strength of all-ceramic fixed-partial dentures. Dent Mater 2006; 22: 176-182.
Munöz-Saldanä J, Balmori-Ramirez H, Jaramillo-Vigueras D, Iga T, Schneider GA. Mechanical properties and low-temperature aging of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals processed by hot isostatic pressing. J Mater Res 2003; 18: 2415-2424.
Chevalier J, Cales B, Drouin JM. Low-temperature aging of Y-TZP ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1999; 82: 2150-2154.
Deville S, Chevalier J, Gremillard L. Influence of surface finish and residual stresses on the ageing sensitivity of biomedical grade zirconia. Biomaterials 2006; 27: 2186–2192.
Gremillard L, Epicier T, Chevalier J, Fantozzi G. Microstructural study of silica-doped zirconia ceramics. Acta Mater 2000; 48: 4647–4652.
Tsubakino H, Nozato R, Hamamoto M .Effect of alumina addition on the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in zirconia- 3 mol % Yttria. J Am Ceram Soc 1991; 74: 440–443.
Boutz MMR, Winnubst AJA, Van Langerak B, Oldescholtenhuis RJM, Kreuwel K, Burggraaf AJ. The effect of ceria codoping on chemical stability and fracture toughness of Y-TZP. J Mater Sci 1995; 30: 1854–1862.
Hernandez MT, Jurado JR, Duran P, Fierro JLG. Subeutectoid degradation of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal and ceria-doped yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1991; 74: 1254-1258.
Studart AR, Filser F, Kocher P, Gauckler LJ. Fatigue of zirconia under cyclic loading in water and its implications for the design of dental bridges. Dent Mater 2007; 23: 106-114.
Yoshinari M, Dérand T. Fracture strength of all-ceramic crowns. Int J Prosthodont 1994; 7: 329- 338.
Pittayachawan P, McDonald A, Petrie A, Knowles JC. The biaxial flexural strength and fatigue property of Lava Y-TZP dental ceramic. Dent Mater 2007; 23: 1018-1029.
Yilmaz H, Nemli SK, Aydin C, Bal BT, Tiras T. Effect of fatigue on biaxial strength of bilayered porcelain/zirconia (Y-TZP) dental ceramics. Dent Mater 2011; 27: 786-795.
Vult Von Steyern P, Ebbesson S, Holmgren J, Haag P, Nilner K. Fracture strength of two oxide ceramic crown systems after cyclic pre-loading and thermocycling. J Oral Rehabil 2006; 33: 682- 689.
Itinoche KM, Ozcan M, Bottino MA, Oyafuso D. Effect of mechanical cycling on the flexural strength of densely sintered ceramics. Dent Mater 2006; 22: 1029-1034.
Borchers L, Stiesch M, Bach FW, Buhl JC, Hubsch C, Kellner T, et al. Influence of hydrothermal and mechanical conditions on the strength of zirconia. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 4547-452.
Papanagiotou HP, Morgano SM, Giordano RA, Pober R. In vitro evaluation of low-temperature aging effects and finishing procedures on the flexural strength and structural stability of Y-TZP dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2006; 96: 154-164.
Ardlin BL. Transformation-toughened zirconia for dental inlays, crowns and bridges: chemical stability and effect of low temperature aging on flexural strength and surface structure. Dent mater 2002; 18: 590-595.
Piconi C, Burger W, Richter HG, Cittadini A, Maccauro G, Covacci BV, et al. Y-TZP ceramics for artificial joint replacements. Biomaterials 1998; 19: 1489-1494.
Curtis AR, Wright AJ, Fleming GJ. The influence of simulated masticatory loading regimes on the bi-axial flexure strength and reliability of a Y-TZP dental ceramic. J Dent 2006; 34: 317-325.
Kim HT, Han JS, Yang JH, Lee JB, Kim SH. The effect of low temperature aging on the mechanical property & phase stability of Y-TZP ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2009; 1: 113-117.
Vásquez V, Ozcan M, Nishioka R, Souza R, Mesquita A, Pavanelli C. Mechanical and thermal cycling effects on the flexural strength of glass ceramics fused to titanium. Dent Mater J 2008; 27: 7-15.
Att W, Grigoriadou M, Strub JR. ZrO2 three-unit fixed partial dentures: comparison of failure load before and after exposure to mastication simulator. J Oral Rehabil 2007; 34: 282-290.
Tinschert J, Zwez D, Marx R, Anusavice KJ. Structural reliability of alumina-, feldspar-, leucire-, mica- and zirconia-based ceramics. J Dent 2000; 28: 529-535.
Tanaka K, Tamura J, Kawanabe K, Nawa M, Uchida M, Kukubo T, et al. Phase stability after aging and its influence on pin-on-disk wear properties of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 nanocomposite and conventional Y-TZP. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 67: 200-207.
Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, Swain MV. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics. Dent Mater 2004; 20: 449-456.
- Abstract Viewed: 92 times
- PDF Downloaded: 36 times