Poisonous Spiders: Bites, Symptoms, and Treatment; an Educational Re-view
Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014),
1 May 2014
,
Page 54-58
https://doi.org/10.22037/aaem.v2i2.28
Abstract
More than 40,000 species of spiders have been identified in the world. Spider bites is a common problem among people, however few of them are harmful but delay in treatment can cause death. Since the spider bites are risk full to human, they should be taken seriously, especially in endemic areas. Our objective in this review was to study about poisonous spiders and find out treatments of them. Therefore, we collected related articles from PubMed database and Google Scholar. Three important syndromes caused by spider bites are loxoscelism, latrodectism and funnel web spider syndrome. Many treatments are used but much more studies should have done to decrease the mortality. In this review, we describes different venomous spiders according to their appearance, symptoms after their bites and available treatments.- Spiders
- spider bites
- spider venoms
- black widow spider
- emergency treatment
How to Cite
References
Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S, Larson A, I’Anson H, Eisenh-our D. Integrated principles of zoology. 14 ed. China: McGraw-Hill; 2008. p. 402-12.
Diaz JH, Leblanc KE. Common spider bites. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(6):869-73.
Braitberg G, Segal L. Spider bites: assessment and manage-ment. Aust Fam Physician. 2009;38(11):862-7.
Rajendra W, Armugam A, Jeyaseelan K. Toxins in anti-noci-ception and anti-inflammation. Toxicon. 2004;44(1):1-17.
Ahmed KZ, Bushra R. Antivenom therapy of spider bite en-venomation. Pak J Pharmacol. 2008;25(2):39-45.
Vetter RS, Isbister GK. Medical aspects of spider bites. Annu Rev Entomol. 2008;53:409-29.
Garcia H, Tanowitz H, Del Brutto O. Neurological effects of venomous bites and stings: snakes, spiders, and scorpions. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology: Handbook of Clin-ical Neurology Series (Editors: Aminoff, Boller, Swaab). 2013;114:349-68.
Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline D, Cydulka R, Meckler G. Tintinalli's emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2011. p. 1344-54.
Garza Ocañas L, Mifuji RM. Cutaneous Loxoscelism. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):495-500.
Isbister GK, Fan HW. Spider bite. The Lancet. 2011;378(9808):2039-47.
Malaque C, Santoro ML, Cardoso JLC, et al. Clinical picture and laboratorial evaluation in human loxoscelism. Toxicon. 2011;58(8):664-71.
Bennett RG, Vetter RS. An approach to spider bites. Erroneous attribution of dermonecrotic lesions to brown recluse or hobo spider bites in Canada. Can Fam Physician. 2004;50(8):1098-101.
Bogdán S, Barabás J, Zacher G, et al. Total upper lip necrosis and loxoscelism caused by violin spider bite. Orv Hetil. 2005;146(45):2317-21.
Pauli I, Minozzo JC, Henrique da Silva P, Chaim OM, Veiga SS. Analysis of therapeutic benefits of antivenin at different time intervals after experimental envenomation in rabbits by venom of the brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia). Toxicon. 2009;53(6):660-71.
Gaver-Wainwright MM, Zack RS, Foradori MJ, Lavine LC. Misdiagnosis of spider bites: bacterial associates, mechanical pathogen transfer, and hemolytic potential of venom from the hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis (Araneae: Agelenidae). J Med Entomol. 2011;48(2):382-8.
Shlamovitz GZ. Man With Back Pain. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(5):496-500.
Nordt SP, Clark RF, Lee A, Berk K, Lee Cantrell F. Examin-ation of adverse events following black widow antivenom use in california. Clin Toxicol. 2012;50(1):70-3.
Monte AA, Bucher-Bartelson B, Heard KJ. A US perspective of symptomatic Latrodectus spp. envenomation and treatm-ent: a national poison data system review. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(12):1491-8.
Gewehr C, Oliveira SM, Rossato MF, et al. Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider phoneutria nigriventer. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(4):e2198.
Souza AH, Ferreira J, Cordeiro Mdo N, et al. Analgesic effect in rodents of native and recombinant Ph alpha 1beta toxin, a high-voltage-activated calcium channel blocker isolat-ed from armed spider venom. Pain. 2008;140(1):115-26.
Isbister GK, Graudins A, White J, Warrell D. Antivenom treatment in arachnidism: antivenoms. Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):291-300.
Liu J, Gao J, Yun Y, Hu Z, Peng Y. Bioaccumulation of mer-cury and its effects on survival, development and web-weaving in the Funnel-Web spider agelena labyrinthica (Aran-eae: Agelenidae). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013;90(5):558-62.
Palagi A, Koh J, Leblanc M, et al. Unravelling the complex venom landscapes of lethal Australian funnel-web spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae) using LC-MALDI-TOF mass spectr-ometry. J Proteomics. 2013;80:292-310.
Pineda SS, Wilson D, Mattick JS, King GF. The lethal toxin from Australian funnel-web spiders is encoded by an intronl-ess gene. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43699.
Comis A, Tyler M, Mylecharane E, Spence I, Howden M. Immunization with a synthetic robustoxin derivative lacking disulphide bridges protects against a potentially lethal chall-enge with funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) venom. J Biosci. 2009;34(1):35-44.
- Abstract Viewed: 449 times
- PDF Downloaded: 2833 times
- HTML Downloaded: 109 times
