Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research

Introduction: Scoliosis deformity is a complicated, three-dimensional structural deformity. Bracing treatment can achieves a good aesthetic body shaping. Recently, researchers developed a new concept of bracing, named Sforzesco, that they called Symmetric, Patient-oriented, Rigid, Three-Dimensional, active (Sport). Purpose: The current review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Sforzesco brace based on the Sport concept on improvement moderate adolescent scoliosis deformity. Methods and Materials: A literature search was conducted using the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI web of knowledge, Medline and Scopus as well as thorough reviewing the cited references from the appropriate articles. Results: Eleven articles were selected for the final evaluation. These articles were evaluated and compared to produce a summary in the following. Generally, the studies reported positive effects of bracing on moderate curve correction (Cobb angle between 25 and 55) in patients with adolescent scoliosis. Many studies described patients' positive opinion of Sforzesco brace aesthetic. Conclusion: Sforzesco brace can be effective in improvement of moderate scoliosis deformity in adolescent subjects. It makes aesthetic advantage versus current braces. Because this brace has recently been developed, further works with long-term follow up are needed.

Key words: Brace, Sforzesco, Scoliosis, Spinal Deformity

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Introduction: Many elderly populations feel lonely and it has a significant negative relationship to their health status. Doll therapy may seem childish and ridiculous for adults, but it can have an undeniable effect on the elderly's health. The positive impact of doll therapy has already been proven in depression and dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of doll therapy in agitation, aggression, and interactions of elderly people.. Methods and Materials: Sixty elderly people were selected at the Kahrizak charity foundation in Tehran. Ten different dolls (5 popular characters and 5 newborn dolls in neutral and specific genders) were presented to them. Their reaction to all dolls recorded (no reaction: 0, watch closely: 1, caring the doll: 2, communicating with the doll: 3) and each elderly chose one doll to keep it for 6 weeks. The aggression, agitation, and interactions with other elderly people and also with the nursing home staff were asked before and after a 6-week period of doll therapy from their caregivers by the Likert scale. Results: Twelve of 60 samples exited from the study because they were unwilling. Twenty elderly did not meet the inclusion criteria. After 6 weeks, 8 subjects donated their dolls to someone else. Eventually 26, people stayed in the study, and their dada were analyzed. The highest doll selection rate was for neutral gender dolls and popular dolls were almost ignored by the elderly. Paired sample T-test showed significant differences for aggression and agitation (P<0.001) and also interactions (P<0.05) Conclusion: Although the sample size after all exclusion seems to be small, we can conclude that doll therapy is not a consistent method for all elderly, but it is beneficial and can improve their relationships and reduce their aggression and agitation. More researches with larger samples are suggested.

Keywords: Doll therapy, Elderly, Play therapy

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI), after orthopedic surgery and arthroplasty, is associated with serious outcomes, including significant increases in length of stay, re-admissions, health costs, and mortality rates, many of which can be prevented. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of prescription pattern of antibiotic prophylaxis in adult patients undergoing orthopedic surgical procedures at Peymanieh Hospital in Jahrom, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 280 patients referred to the Orthopedic Department of Peymaniyeh Hospital of Jahrom in 2016. Data collection was carried out using a researcher-made checklist, which included three parts: demographic information, prescription characteristics of prophylactic antibiotics, recording side effects, and clinical outcomes. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables and independent-samples t-testi n SPSS ver. 19. Results: A total of 280 subjects with a mean age of 38.4 ± 20.3 years were investigated. The mortality rate was zero percent, and no pulmonary and renal complications, wound dehiscence, and secondary nosocomial infections were observed. The only complication observed and recorded among individuals was superficial wound infection, which was observed in 8.3% of patients (n=25 patients). There was a significant relationship between superficial wound infection with sex, type of surgery, and site of injury (P<0.05). Conclusion: The antibiotic prophylaxis protocol used prior to orthopedic surgery in Jahrom was based on standard patterns, but there was a significant wound infection and it is recommended to carry out further studies in this regard.

Keywords: Orthopedic surgery, Wound infection, Hospitalization, Nosocomial infection, antibiotic prophylaxis

Introduction: To identify the effect of imagery exercises on activity of the shoulder muscles. Materials and method: A sample of 23 healthy participants (17 females and 6 males), with no history of shoulder injury, participated in the present study. Surface bipolar electrodes were applied over the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis major. Participants performed six imagery exercises: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation. Root mean square of myoelectric activity of shoulder muscles was calculated for statistical analysis. The RMS during rest was used as an offset and also to normalize the activity of each muscle during imagery exercises. Results: Performing the imagery exercises resulted in significant activation of the shoulder muscles (P < 0.01). In the case of the supraspinatus muscle, significant difference (P< 0.05) was found among exercise types but no significant value was seen for infraspinatus muscle. In flexion, abduction, adduction, and internal rotation imagery exercises, the correlation observed between muscles activation was significant (P<0.01). Discussion: Supraspinatus highly activated in exercises including elevation of the arm. Activation of infraspinatus in all exercises suggest its important stability role in glenohumeral joint.

Introduction: There is evidence that changes in the deep trunk muscular activity remain in patients with low back pain (LBP) following the lumbar decompression surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stability exercises on the pain, disability and activity of transverse abdominal (TrA) muscle during the voluntary and functional tasks in a patient with the failed back surgery syndrome. Case Description: The subject was a 68-year-old woman who underwent the spinal decompression surgery with the high levels of constant postoperative pain and radicular symptoms and disability. She was undergoing the stability exercise for an 8-week period. Outcomes: The patient reported the noticeable improvements in her pain and disability following the completion of her stability exercise program. The Remarkable improvement in TrA muscle thickness was also observed. Conclusion: This case report indicates short and long-term effect of stability exercises program on pain, disability and, TrA muscle thickness during abdominal hollowing and standing postural task. Therefore, doing stability exercises, as an effective intervention, can be advised for patients with LBP after the lumbar decompression surgery.

Keywords: Low Back Pain, Lumbar Decompression Surgery, Stability Exercise, Transverse Abdominal Muscle, Ultrasonography

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Introduction: Patients with Knee medial compartment osteoarthritis suffer from pain and stiffness. Pain reduces their function and life quality. One of the therapeutic methods is using unloader orthosis. This case report study aimed to evaluate effect of using a new unloader orthosis on score of pain, performance and life quality of patients with Knee medial compartment osteoarthritis. Methods and Material: Three women aged 60-70 years old and with moderate Knee medial compartment osteoarthritis were enrolled in the study based on Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis. The new unloader orthosis was produced in order to evaluate its efficacy on knee medial osteoarthritis based on the measurements of participants. The participants wore the new knee orthosis for six weeks. Before and after using the orthosis, the severity of pain was measured through visual analogue scale, and in order to measure life quality and assess physical activity, partciapnts filled out the SF-36 and WOMAC osteoarthritis index, respectively. Results: The mean BMI of the participants was 28.9 kg/m². According to results in all the three partipants, VAS score decreased after six weeks of using the new orthosis. WOMAC questionnaire score in first, second and the third participant also reduced respectively up to 35.5%, 7.3%, and 35.4%, and the SF-36 questionnaire score increased as 21.1%, 1.9%, and 18.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The new knee unloader orthosis reduced pain and improved performance of participants with knee medial osteoarthritis. Therefore, this orthosis can be appropriate for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Keywords: knee osteoarthritis, pain, “knee unloader orthosis”, quality of life