کاربرد هوش مصنوعی در تشخیص بیماریهای ریوی
فصلنامه نفس,
دوره 11 شماره 1 (1403),
30 May 2024
چکیده
هوش مصنوعی و یادگیری ماشین به عنوان زیرمجموعه آن، شاخهای از علوم کامپیوتر است که در آن ماشینها برای تقلید از هوش انسان و انجام کارهای تعریف شده آموزش میبینند. نتایج دقیق و تجزیه و تحلیل حجم وسیعی از دادهها که از طریق روشهای آماری مرسوم قابل انجام نیستند، توسط هوش مصنوعی قابل ارائه است. تقریباً از دو دهه پیش، هوش مصنوعی در پزشکی ریه مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است؛ به طوریکه میتواند به تشخیص و پیشبینی بیماریهای ریوی بر اساس دادههای بالینی، آسیبشناسی ریه، تصویربرداری قفسه سینه و آزمایش عملکرد ریوی کمک کند. برنامه های کاربردی مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی، پزشکان را قادر می سازد با استفاده از حجم عظیمی از داده ها دقت خود را در درمان بیماری های ریوی افزایش دهند. اینکه پزشکان بدانند که هوش مصنوعی چگونه میتواند در زمینه شرایط ناهمگن مانند آسم و بیماری انسدادی مزمن ریه که معیارهای تشخیصی با هم تداخل دارند، اهمیت بسزایی دارد. آنها باید بتوانند استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در عملکرد بالینی روزمره را درک کنند و مسائل ایمنی بیمار نیز باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. هوش مصنوعی نقش روشنی در ارائه پشتیبانی از پزشکان در محیط کار بالینی دارد، اما به نظر میرسد اعتماد به استفاده از آن هنوز به طور کامل ایجاد نشده است. به طور کلی، انتظار میرود هوش مصنوعی نقش کلیدی در کمک به پزشکان در تشخیص و مدیریت بیماریهای تنفسی در آینده ایفا کند که مزایای هیجانانگیزی برای بیماران و پزشکانبه دنبال خواهد داشت. هدف از این بررسی بحث استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در پزشکی ریه و تصویربرداری در موارد بیماری انسدادی ریه، بیماری بینابینی ریه، عفونتها، ندولها و سرطان ریه است.
ارجاع به مقاله
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