Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Cord Blood Plasma and Photobiomodulation Therapy Down-Regulated Caspase 3, LC3 and Beclin 1 Markers in the PCOS Oocyte: An In Vitro Study Extracellular vesicle and photobiomodulation therapy in the PCOS
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences,
Vol. 14 (2023),
29 Bahman 2023
,
Page e23
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the communal endocrine illness in women and the most common cause of infertility due to lack of ovulation. The exact cause of PCOS is still unknown. Affected women may have difficulty getting pregnant due to ovulation problems. Various methods have not been effective in the treatment of PCOS due to the positive role of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and extracellular vesicles (ECV) obtained from cord blood plasma in the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to study the role of ECV and PBMT in the maturation and improvement of infertility in women with PCOS.
Methods: In this research, a number of oocytes were obtained after ovarian stimulation from women who had been referred to the hospital for infertility treatment after obtaining personal consent, and they were divided into three groups: control, ECV, and PBMT. Subsequently, in vitro maturation (IVM) was assessed, then some oocytes were cultured with a routine medium and others were treated with ECV and PBMT. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate BCL-2, BAX, caspase-3, and autophagy gene (ATG5, LC3, Beclin 1). Oocyte glutathione (GSH), oxidised gluathione (GSSG), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured.
Results: The metaphase II (MII) oocyte ratio formation significantly increased in the ECV and PBMT groups (P<0.05). The expression of the BCL-2 gene was significantly up-regulated in the ECV and PBMT groups, but the expression of BAX and caspase-3 significantly decreased (P<0.05). The expression of the ATG5, LC3, BECLIN-2 genes significantly decreased in the ECV and PBMT groups (P<0.05). ROS, GSSG decreased in ECV and PBMT groups but GSH increased (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of ECV and PBMT can increase the rate of fertilization and maturation of an oocyte and cause a decrease in apoptosis, autophagy, and ROS in a PCOS oocyte.
Keywords:
- Caspase 3; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Extracellular vesicle; Cord blood plasma
How to Cite
Sahraeian, S., Abbaszadeh, H.- allah, Taheripanah, R. ., & Edalatmanesh, M. A. . (2023). Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Cord Blood Plasma and Photobiomodulation Therapy Down-Regulated Caspase 3, LC3 and Beclin 1 Markers in the PCOS Oocyte: An In Vitro Study: Extracellular vesicle and photobiomodulation therapy in the PCOS. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 14, e23. Retrieved from https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/jlms/article/view/41464
References
1. Goodman, N.F., et al., American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and androgen excess and PCOS society disease state clinical review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome-part 1. Endocrine Practice, 2015. 21(11): p. 1291-1300.
2. Teede, H., A. Deeks, and L. Moran, Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC medicine, 2010. 8(1): p. 1-10.
3. Gorry, A., D.M. White, and S. Franks, Infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine, 2006. 30(1): p. 27-33.
4. Nidhi, R., et al., Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in Indian adolescents. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2011. 24(4): p. 223-227.
5. Huang, A., K. Brennan, and R. Azziz, Prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria. Fertility and sterility, 2010. 93(6): p. 1938-1941.
6. Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. and A. Dunaif, Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocrine reviews, 2012. 33(6): p. 981-1030.
7. Solomon, C.G., The epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome: prevalence and associated disease risks. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 1999. 28(2): p. 247-263.
8. Franks, S., Polycystic ovary syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 1995. 333(13): p. 853-861.
9. Dewailly, D., et al., Definition and significance of polycystic ovarian morphology: a task force report from the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society. Human reproduction update, 2014. 20(3): p. 334-352.
10. Liu, Y., Y. Gu, and X. Cao, The ECV in tumor immunity. OncoImmunology, 2015: p. e1027472.
11. Lazar, I., et al., Adipocyte ECV promote melanoma aggressiveness through fatty acid oxidation: a novel mechanism linking obesity and cancer. Cancer Research, 2016: p. 4051-4057.
12. Yang, D., et al., Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation-efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics. Theranostics, 2020. 10(8): p. 3684.
13. Colombo, M., et al., Analysis of ESCRT functions in exosome biogenesis, composition and secretion highlights the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles. Journal of cell science, 2013. 126(24): p. 5553-5565.
14. Statello, L., et al., Identification of RNA-binding proteins in ECV capable of interacting with different types of RNA: RBP-facilitated transport of RNAs into ECV. PloS one, 2018. 13(4): p. e0195969.
15. Wang, J., Y. Zheng, and M. Zhao, Exosome-based cancer therapy: implication for targeting cancer stem cells. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017. 7: p. 533.
16. Fais, S., et al., Evidence-based clinical use of nanoscale extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine. 2016.
17. Bunggulawa, E.J., et al., Recent advancements in the use of ECV as drug delivery systems. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 2018. 16(1): p. 1-13.
18. Xu, Z., et al., Exosome-based immunotherapy: a promising approach for cancer treatment. Molecular cancer, 2020. 19(1): p. 1-16.
19. Zhao, Y., S. Pan, and X. Wu, Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived ECV inhibit ovarian granulosa cells inflammatory response through inhibition of NF-κB signaling in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2022. 152: p. 103638.
20. Zhao, Y., et al., Exosomal miR-143-3p derived from follicular fluid promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting BMPR1A in polycystic ovary syndrome. Scientific reports, 2022. 12(1): p. 1-12.
21. Murri, M., et al., Effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), sex hormones, and obesity on circulating miRNA-21, miRNA-27b, miRNA-103, and miRNA-155 expression. The journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 2013. 98(11): p. E1835-E1844.
22. Ye, T., et al., Role of Exosomal microRNAs and lncRNAs in the Follicular Fluid of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. 2021.
23. Yuan, D., et al., PCOS follicular fluid derived exosomal miR-424-5p induces granulosa cells senescence by targeting CDCA4 expression. Cellular Signalling, 2021. 85: p. 110030.
24. Dimik, M., et al., The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2022: p. 1-30.
25. Izadi, M., et al., Mesenchymal stem cells-derived ECV as a Promising new approach for the treatment of infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022: p. 4315.
26. Mohsenifar Z, Fridoni M, Ghatrehsamani M, Abdollahifar MA, Abbaszadeh H, Mostafavinia A, Fallahnezhad S, Asghari M, Bayat S, Bayat M. Evaluation of the effects of pulsed wave LLLT on tibial diaphysis in two rat models of experimental osteoporosis, as examined by stereological and real-time PCR gene expression analyses. Lasers in medical science. 2016 May;31:721-32.
27. Hendriks ML, König T, Korsen T, Melgers I, Dekker JJ, Mijatovic V, Schats R, Hompes PG, Homburg R, Kaaijk EM, Twisk JW. Short-term changes in hormonal profiles after laparoscopic ovarian laser evaporation compared with diagnostic laparoscopy for PCOS. Human Reproduction. 2014 Nov 1;29(11):2544-52.
28. Jiao GZ, Cui W, Yang R, Lin J, Gong S, Lian HY, Sun MJ, Tan JH. Optimized protocols for in vitro maturation of rat oocytes dramatically improve their developmental competence to a level similar to that of ovulated oocytes. Cellular Reprogramming (Formerly" Cloning and Stem Cells"). 2016 Feb 1;18(1):17-29.
29. Quero JO, Villamandos RG, Millan MM, Valenzuela JS. The effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on in vitro maturation and fertilization of immature bovine oocytes. Lasers in Medical Science. 1995 Jun;10:113-9.
30. Sun X, Ma X, Yang X, Zhang X. Exosomes and female infertility. Current drug metabolism. 2019 Aug 1;20(10):773-80.
31. Yu L, Liu M, Wang Z, Liu T, Liu S, Wang B, Pan B, Dong X, Guo W. Correlation between steroid levels in follicular fluid and hormone synthesis related substances in its exosomes and embryo quality in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2021 May 17;19(1):74.
32. Liu C, Wang M, Yao H, Cui M, Gong X, Wang L, Sui C, Zhang H. Inhibition of Oocyte Maturation by Follicular Extracellular Vesicles of Nonhyperandrogenic PCOS Patients Requiring IVF. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2022 Dec 17.
33. Li H, Huang X, Chang X, Yao J, He Q, Shen Z, Ji Y, Wang K. S100‐A9 protein in exosomes derived from follicular fluid promotes inflammation via activation of NF‐κB pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. 2020 Jan;24(1):114-25.
34. Zhao Y, Tao M, Wei M, Du S, Wang H, Wang X. Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomal miR-323-3p promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of cumulus cells in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2019 Dec 4;47(1):3804-13.
35. Cao M, Zhao Y, Chen T, Zhao Z, Zhang B, Yuan C, Wang X, Chen L, Wang N, Li C, Zhou X. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomal microRNAs ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome by protecting against metabolic disturbances. Biomaterials. 2022 Sep 1;288:121739.
36. Izadi M, Rezvani ME, Aliabadi A, Karimi M, Aflatoonian B. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as a Promising new approach for the treatment of infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 Oct 10:4315.
2. Teede, H., A. Deeks, and L. Moran, Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC medicine, 2010. 8(1): p. 1-10.
3. Gorry, A., D.M. White, and S. Franks, Infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine, 2006. 30(1): p. 27-33.
4. Nidhi, R., et al., Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in Indian adolescents. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2011. 24(4): p. 223-227.
5. Huang, A., K. Brennan, and R. Azziz, Prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria. Fertility and sterility, 2010. 93(6): p. 1938-1941.
6. Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. and A. Dunaif, Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocrine reviews, 2012. 33(6): p. 981-1030.
7. Solomon, C.G., The epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome: prevalence and associated disease risks. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 1999. 28(2): p. 247-263.
8. Franks, S., Polycystic ovary syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 1995. 333(13): p. 853-861.
9. Dewailly, D., et al., Definition and significance of polycystic ovarian morphology: a task force report from the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society. Human reproduction update, 2014. 20(3): p. 334-352.
10. Liu, Y., Y. Gu, and X. Cao, The ECV in tumor immunity. OncoImmunology, 2015: p. e1027472.
11. Lazar, I., et al., Adipocyte ECV promote melanoma aggressiveness through fatty acid oxidation: a novel mechanism linking obesity and cancer. Cancer Research, 2016: p. 4051-4057.
12. Yang, D., et al., Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation-efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics. Theranostics, 2020. 10(8): p. 3684.
13. Colombo, M., et al., Analysis of ESCRT functions in exosome biogenesis, composition and secretion highlights the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles. Journal of cell science, 2013. 126(24): p. 5553-5565.
14. Statello, L., et al., Identification of RNA-binding proteins in ECV capable of interacting with different types of RNA: RBP-facilitated transport of RNAs into ECV. PloS one, 2018. 13(4): p. e0195969.
15. Wang, J., Y. Zheng, and M. Zhao, Exosome-based cancer therapy: implication for targeting cancer stem cells. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017. 7: p. 533.
16. Fais, S., et al., Evidence-based clinical use of nanoscale extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine. 2016.
17. Bunggulawa, E.J., et al., Recent advancements in the use of ECV as drug delivery systems. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 2018. 16(1): p. 1-13.
18. Xu, Z., et al., Exosome-based immunotherapy: a promising approach for cancer treatment. Molecular cancer, 2020. 19(1): p. 1-16.
19. Zhao, Y., S. Pan, and X. Wu, Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived ECV inhibit ovarian granulosa cells inflammatory response through inhibition of NF-κB signaling in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2022. 152: p. 103638.
20. Zhao, Y., et al., Exosomal miR-143-3p derived from follicular fluid promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting BMPR1A in polycystic ovary syndrome. Scientific reports, 2022. 12(1): p. 1-12.
21. Murri, M., et al., Effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), sex hormones, and obesity on circulating miRNA-21, miRNA-27b, miRNA-103, and miRNA-155 expression. The journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 2013. 98(11): p. E1835-E1844.
22. Ye, T., et al., Role of Exosomal microRNAs and lncRNAs in the Follicular Fluid of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. 2021.
23. Yuan, D., et al., PCOS follicular fluid derived exosomal miR-424-5p induces granulosa cells senescence by targeting CDCA4 expression. Cellular Signalling, 2021. 85: p. 110030.
24. Dimik, M., et al., The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2022: p. 1-30.
25. Izadi, M., et al., Mesenchymal stem cells-derived ECV as a Promising new approach for the treatment of infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022: p. 4315.
26. Mohsenifar Z, Fridoni M, Ghatrehsamani M, Abdollahifar MA, Abbaszadeh H, Mostafavinia A, Fallahnezhad S, Asghari M, Bayat S, Bayat M. Evaluation of the effects of pulsed wave LLLT on tibial diaphysis in two rat models of experimental osteoporosis, as examined by stereological and real-time PCR gene expression analyses. Lasers in medical science. 2016 May;31:721-32.
27. Hendriks ML, König T, Korsen T, Melgers I, Dekker JJ, Mijatovic V, Schats R, Hompes PG, Homburg R, Kaaijk EM, Twisk JW. Short-term changes in hormonal profiles after laparoscopic ovarian laser evaporation compared with diagnostic laparoscopy for PCOS. Human Reproduction. 2014 Nov 1;29(11):2544-52.
28. Jiao GZ, Cui W, Yang R, Lin J, Gong S, Lian HY, Sun MJ, Tan JH. Optimized protocols for in vitro maturation of rat oocytes dramatically improve their developmental competence to a level similar to that of ovulated oocytes. Cellular Reprogramming (Formerly" Cloning and Stem Cells"). 2016 Feb 1;18(1):17-29.
29. Quero JO, Villamandos RG, Millan MM, Valenzuela JS. The effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on in vitro maturation and fertilization of immature bovine oocytes. Lasers in Medical Science. 1995 Jun;10:113-9.
30. Sun X, Ma X, Yang X, Zhang X. Exosomes and female infertility. Current drug metabolism. 2019 Aug 1;20(10):773-80.
31. Yu L, Liu M, Wang Z, Liu T, Liu S, Wang B, Pan B, Dong X, Guo W. Correlation between steroid levels in follicular fluid and hormone synthesis related substances in its exosomes and embryo quality in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2021 May 17;19(1):74.
32. Liu C, Wang M, Yao H, Cui M, Gong X, Wang L, Sui C, Zhang H. Inhibition of Oocyte Maturation by Follicular Extracellular Vesicles of Nonhyperandrogenic PCOS Patients Requiring IVF. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2022 Dec 17.
33. Li H, Huang X, Chang X, Yao J, He Q, Shen Z, Ji Y, Wang K. S100‐A9 protein in exosomes derived from follicular fluid promotes inflammation via activation of NF‐κB pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. 2020 Jan;24(1):114-25.
34. Zhao Y, Tao M, Wei M, Du S, Wang H, Wang X. Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomal miR-323-3p promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of cumulus cells in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2019 Dec 4;47(1):3804-13.
35. Cao M, Zhao Y, Chen T, Zhao Z, Zhang B, Yuan C, Wang X, Chen L, Wang N, Li C, Zhou X. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomal microRNAs ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome by protecting against metabolic disturbances. Biomaterials. 2022 Sep 1;288:121739.
36. Izadi M, Rezvani ME, Aliabadi A, Karimi M, Aflatoonian B. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as a Promising new approach for the treatment of infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 Oct 10:4315.
- Abstract Viewed: 641 times
- PDF Downloaded: 503 times