Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Patients With Class II Mandibular Deficiency Treated with Farmand Functional Appliance LLLT on Mandibular Deficiency Treatment
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences,
Vol. 14 (2023),
29 January 2023
,
Page e12
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the positive effects of a low-level laser on new bone formation, we aimed to investigate the effects of a low-level laser in the treatment of patients with class II mandibular deficiency treated with Farmand functional appliance.
Methods: Twenty-two growing patients aged 10-14 years were randomly divided into “Farmand” and “Farmand+Laser” groups. All patients were treated with Farmand functional appliances. Patients in the “Farmand+laser” group were exposed to laser irradiation (980 nm, 100 MW, 4 points around temporomandibular joints, 100 seconds each point) weekly for three months after 3-4 weeks of using the appliance. Lateral cephalometry radiographs were taken from all patients before and after the treatment period, and changes in skeletal and dental parameters were measured.
Results: The association of the particular laser irradiation with the functional appliance led to a greater increase in the effective length of the mandible (Co-Gn, P=0.048), the anterior sagittal position of the mandible (SNB, P=0.029), and the length of the ramus (Co-Go, P=0.028), and it showed a further decrease in the discrepancy between the jaws (ANB, P=0.000) compared with the functional appliance alone.
Conclusion: The application of the laser with the chosen parameters and protocol in conjunction with the functional appliance improved the effects of the functional appliance and reduced the discrepancy between the two jaws.
Keywords:
- Low level light therapy, Functional orthodontic appliance, Micrognathia, Cephalometry
How to Cite
Aghili, H. A., Yassaei, S., & Sharifi, M. (2023). Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Patients With Class II Mandibular Deficiency Treated with Farmand Functional Appliance: LLLT on Mandibular Deficiency Treatment. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 14, e12. Retrieved from https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/jlms/article/view/40133
References
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4. Kreisner PE, Blaya DS, Gaiao L, Maciel-Santos ME, Etges A, Santana-Filho M, de Oliveira MG (2010) Histological evaluation of the effect of low-level laser on distraction osteogenesis in rabbit mandibles. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 15:e616-618.
5. Miloro M, Miller JJ, Stoner JA (2007) Low-level laser effect on mandibular distraction osteogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 65:168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.10.002
6. Saito S, Shimizu N, of Dentistry FN (1997) Stimulatory effects of low-power laser irradiation on bone regeneration in midpalatal suture during expansion in the rat. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1;111(5):525-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70152-5
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8. Choi JW, Jang IS, Jeong MJ (2015) Review of Low Level Laser Therapy on The Growth of Epiphyseal Plate. The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine 29(4):29-38. https://doi.org/10.7778/jpkm.2015.29.4.029
9. Seifi M, Maghzi A, Gutknecht N, Mir M, Asna-Ashari M (2010) The effect of 904 nm low level laser on condylar growth in rats. Lasers Med Sci 25:61-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-009-0651-x
10. Sharma JN (2009) Epidemiology of malocclusions and assessment of orthodontic treatment need for the population of eastern Nepal. World J Orthod 10(4):311-6.
11. Celikoglu M, Akpinar S, Yavuz I (2010) The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 15(5):e791-6.
12. McNamara JA Jr (1981) Components of class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. Angle Orthod 51:177-202. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1981)051<0177:COCIMI>2.0.CO;2
13. Staley R (2001) Etiology and prevalence of malocclusion. In: Bishara S (ed) WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 83-96.
14. Singh GD, Clark WJ (2001) Localization of mandibular changes in patients with class II division 1 malocclusions treated with twin-block appliances: finite element scaling analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 119(4):419-25. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.113265
15. Clark W (2010) Design and management of Twin Blocks: reflections after 30 years of clinical use. J Orthod 37(3):209-16. https://doi.org/10.1179/14653121043110
16. Elgoyhen JC, Moyers RE, McNamara JA Jr, Riolo ML (1972) Craniofacial adaptation of protrusive function in young rhesus monkeys. Am J Orthod 62:469-480.
17. Petrovic AG (1972) Mechanisms and regulation of mandibular condylar growth. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 10:25-34.
18. Ruf S, Baltromejus S, Pancherz H (2001) Effective condylar growth and chin position changes in activator treatment: a cephalometric roentgenographic study. Angle Orthod 71:4-11. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2001)071<0004:ECGACP>2.0.CO;2
19. McNamara JA Jr, Hinton RJ, Hoffman DL (1982) Histologic analysis of temporomandibular joint adaptation to protrusive function in young adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Am J Orthod 82:288-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(82)90463-8
20. Rodrigues de Almeida M, Castanha Henriques JF, Rodrigues de Almeida R, Ursi W (2002) Treatment effects produced by Frankel appliance in patients with class II, division 1 malocclusion. Angle Orthod 72:418-425. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0418:TEPBFA>2.0.CO;2
21. El-Bialy T, El-Shamy I, Graber TM (2003) Growth modification of the rabbit mandible using therapeutic ultrasound: is it possible to enhance functional appliance results? Angle Orthod 73:631-639. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2003)073<0631:GMOTRM>2.0.CO;2
22. Oyonarte R, Zarate M, Rodriguez F (2009) Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation of condylar growth in rats. Angle Orthod 79:964-970. https://doi.org/10.2319/080708-414.1
23. Abtahi M, Poosti M, Saghravanian N, Sadeghi K, Shafaee H (2012) The effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits. Head & face medicine 8(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-160X-8-4
24. OKŞAYAN, Rıdvan; SÖKÜCÜ, Oral; ÜÇÜNCÜ, Neslihan (2015) The effects of low-level laser therapy on condylar growth with a mandibular advancement appliance in rats. Photomedicine and laser surgery 33(5):252-257. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2014.3870
25. Rabie AB, Zhao Z, Shen G, Hägg EU, Robinson W. Osteogenesis in the glenoid fossa in response to mandibular advancement. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2001 Apr 1;119(4):390-400.
26. Anders JJ, Lanzafame RJ, Arany PR (2015) Low-level light/laser therapy versus photobiomodulation therapy 183-184. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2015.9848
27. Hughes PS (1998) Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum with the 585‐ntn Pulsed Dye Laser. Dermatologic surgery 24(2):229-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04141.x
28. Grouchy GQ (2003) Treatment of hemangiomas with 595 nm pulsed dye laser dermobeam. Eur J Dermatol 13:136-41.
29. Khadra M, Rønold HJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Ellingsen JE, Haanæs HR (2004) Low‐level laser therapy stimulates bone–implant interaction: an experimental study in rabbits. Clinical oral implants research 15(3):325-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.00994.x
30. Bartlett WP, Quillen WS, Gonzalez JL (1999) Effect of gallium aluminum arsenide triple-diode laser on median nerve latency in human subjects. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1;8(2):99-108. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.8.2.99
31. Copywright J (2019). IOP Publishing energy laser. https://energy-laser.com/guide-lines-for-treatment-with-laser-therapy/. Accessed 19 Apr 2021
32. Pinheiro AL, Gerbi ME (2006) Photoengineering of bone repair processes. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy 1;24(2):169-78. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2006.24.169
33. Rabie AB, Leung FY, Chayanupatkul A, Hägg U (2002) The correlation between neovascularization and bone formation in the condyle during forward mandibular positioning. The Angle Orthodontist 72(5):431-8. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0431:TCBNAB>2.0.CO;2
34. Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA (2002) An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. The Angle Orthodontist 1;72(4):316-23. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0316:AIVOTC>2.0.CO;2
35. Baccetti T, Franchi L, Toth LR, McNamara Jr JA (2000) Treatment timing for Twin-block therapy. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1;118(2):159-70. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.105571
36. Yassaei S, Aghili H, Razeghi D (2007) Evaluation of dentoskeletal effects of Farmand functional appliance (Fa II) on class II malocclusion. Journal of Dental Medicine 10;20(3):212-9.
37. Maspero C, Farronato M, Bellincioni F, Cavagnetto D, Abate A (2020) Assessing mandibular body changes in growing subjects: A comparison of CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalogram measurements. Scientific Reports 16;10(1):1-2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68562-6
38. Clark WJ. The twin block technique A functional orthopedic appliance system. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1988 Jan 1;93(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(88)90188-6
39. Elfeky HY, Fayed MS, Alhammadi MS, Soliman SA, El Boghdadi DM (2018) Three-dimensional skeletal, dentoalveolar and temporomandibular joint changes produced by Twin Block functional appliance. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 79(4):245-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-018-0137-1
40. Yildirim E, Karacay S, Erkan M (2014) Condylar response to functional therapy with Twin-Block as shown by cone-beam computed tomography. The Angle Orthodontist 84(6):1018-25. https://doi.org/10.2319/112713-869.1
41. Trenouth MJ (2000) Cephalometric evaluation of the Twin-block appliance in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with matched normative growth data. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1;117(1):54-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70248-4
42. O’Brien, K.; Wright, J.; Conboy, F.; Sanjie, Y.; Mandall, N.; Chadwick, S.; Connolly, I.; Cook, P.; Birnie, D.; Hammond,M.; et al (2003) Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: Dental and skeletal effects. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop 124:234–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00352-4
43. HAMEED MOHAMED, Mahmoud Abdel; ABDALLAH, Khaled Farouk; HUSSEIN, Farouk Ahmed (2020) Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Condylar Volume and Position Subsequent to Twin Block Functional Therapy of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Accompanied by Low-Level Laser Therapy. Dentistry Journal 8(4):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8040115
44. Mustafa FH, Jaafar MS (2013) Comparison of wavelength-dependent penetration depths of lasers in different types of skin in photodynamic therapy. Indian Journal of Physics 87(3):203-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-012-0213-0
2. Bashardoust Tajali S, Macdermid JC, Houghton P, Grewal R(2010) Effects of low power laser irradiation on bone healing in animals: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 5:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-799X-5-1
3. Kazem Shakouri S, Soleimanpour J, Salekzamani Y, Oskuie MR (2010) Effect of low-level laser therapy on the fracture healing process. Lasers Med Sci 25:73-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-009-0670-7
4. Kreisner PE, Blaya DS, Gaiao L, Maciel-Santos ME, Etges A, Santana-Filho M, de Oliveira MG (2010) Histological evaluation of the effect of low-level laser on distraction osteogenesis in rabbit mandibles. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 15:e616-618.
5. Miloro M, Miller JJ, Stoner JA (2007) Low-level laser effect on mandibular distraction osteogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 65:168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.10.002
6. Saito S, Shimizu N, of Dentistry FN (1997) Stimulatory effects of low-power laser irradiation on bone regeneration in midpalatal suture during expansion in the rat. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1;111(5):525-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70152-5
7. Yassaei S, Fekrazad R, Shahraki N. Effect of low level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement: a review article. Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 2013 May;10(3):264.
8. Choi JW, Jang IS, Jeong MJ (2015) Review of Low Level Laser Therapy on The Growth of Epiphyseal Plate. The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine 29(4):29-38. https://doi.org/10.7778/jpkm.2015.29.4.029
9. Seifi M, Maghzi A, Gutknecht N, Mir M, Asna-Ashari M (2010) The effect of 904 nm low level laser on condylar growth in rats. Lasers Med Sci 25:61-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-009-0651-x
10. Sharma JN (2009) Epidemiology of malocclusions and assessment of orthodontic treatment need for the population of eastern Nepal. World J Orthod 10(4):311-6.
11. Celikoglu M, Akpinar S, Yavuz I (2010) The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 15(5):e791-6.
12. McNamara JA Jr (1981) Components of class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. Angle Orthod 51:177-202. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1981)051<0177:COCIMI>2.0.CO;2
13. Staley R (2001) Etiology and prevalence of malocclusion. In: Bishara S (ed) WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 83-96.
14. Singh GD, Clark WJ (2001) Localization of mandibular changes in patients with class II division 1 malocclusions treated with twin-block appliances: finite element scaling analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 119(4):419-25. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.113265
15. Clark W (2010) Design and management of Twin Blocks: reflections after 30 years of clinical use. J Orthod 37(3):209-16. https://doi.org/10.1179/14653121043110
16. Elgoyhen JC, Moyers RE, McNamara JA Jr, Riolo ML (1972) Craniofacial adaptation of protrusive function in young rhesus monkeys. Am J Orthod 62:469-480.
17. Petrovic AG (1972) Mechanisms and regulation of mandibular condylar growth. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 10:25-34.
18. Ruf S, Baltromejus S, Pancherz H (2001) Effective condylar growth and chin position changes in activator treatment: a cephalometric roentgenographic study. Angle Orthod 71:4-11. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2001)071<0004:ECGACP>2.0.CO;2
19. McNamara JA Jr, Hinton RJ, Hoffman DL (1982) Histologic analysis of temporomandibular joint adaptation to protrusive function in young adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Am J Orthod 82:288-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(82)90463-8
20. Rodrigues de Almeida M, Castanha Henriques JF, Rodrigues de Almeida R, Ursi W (2002) Treatment effects produced by Frankel appliance in patients with class II, division 1 malocclusion. Angle Orthod 72:418-425. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0418:TEPBFA>2.0.CO;2
21. El-Bialy T, El-Shamy I, Graber TM (2003) Growth modification of the rabbit mandible using therapeutic ultrasound: is it possible to enhance functional appliance results? Angle Orthod 73:631-639. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2003)073<0631:GMOTRM>2.0.CO;2
22. Oyonarte R, Zarate M, Rodriguez F (2009) Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation of condylar growth in rats. Angle Orthod 79:964-970. https://doi.org/10.2319/080708-414.1
23. Abtahi M, Poosti M, Saghravanian N, Sadeghi K, Shafaee H (2012) The effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits. Head & face medicine 8(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-160X-8-4
24. OKŞAYAN, Rıdvan; SÖKÜCÜ, Oral; ÜÇÜNCÜ, Neslihan (2015) The effects of low-level laser therapy on condylar growth with a mandibular advancement appliance in rats. Photomedicine and laser surgery 33(5):252-257. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2014.3870
25. Rabie AB, Zhao Z, Shen G, Hägg EU, Robinson W. Osteogenesis in the glenoid fossa in response to mandibular advancement. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2001 Apr 1;119(4):390-400.
26. Anders JJ, Lanzafame RJ, Arany PR (2015) Low-level light/laser therapy versus photobiomodulation therapy 183-184. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2015.9848
27. Hughes PS (1998) Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum with the 585‐ntn Pulsed Dye Laser. Dermatologic surgery 24(2):229-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04141.x
28. Grouchy GQ (2003) Treatment of hemangiomas with 595 nm pulsed dye laser dermobeam. Eur J Dermatol 13:136-41.
29. Khadra M, Rønold HJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Ellingsen JE, Haanæs HR (2004) Low‐level laser therapy stimulates bone–implant interaction: an experimental study in rabbits. Clinical oral implants research 15(3):325-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.00994.x
30. Bartlett WP, Quillen WS, Gonzalez JL (1999) Effect of gallium aluminum arsenide triple-diode laser on median nerve latency in human subjects. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1;8(2):99-108. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.8.2.99
31. Copywright J (2019). IOP Publishing energy laser. https://energy-laser.com/guide-lines-for-treatment-with-laser-therapy/. Accessed 19 Apr 2021
32. Pinheiro AL, Gerbi ME (2006) Photoengineering of bone repair processes. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy 1;24(2):169-78. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2006.24.169
33. Rabie AB, Leung FY, Chayanupatkul A, Hägg U (2002) The correlation between neovascularization and bone formation in the condyle during forward mandibular positioning. The Angle Orthodontist 72(5):431-8. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0431:TCBNAB>2.0.CO;2
34. Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA (2002) An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. The Angle Orthodontist 1;72(4):316-23. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0316:AIVOTC>2.0.CO;2
35. Baccetti T, Franchi L, Toth LR, McNamara Jr JA (2000) Treatment timing for Twin-block therapy. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1;118(2):159-70. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.105571
36. Yassaei S, Aghili H, Razeghi D (2007) Evaluation of dentoskeletal effects of Farmand functional appliance (Fa II) on class II malocclusion. Journal of Dental Medicine 10;20(3):212-9.
37. Maspero C, Farronato M, Bellincioni F, Cavagnetto D, Abate A (2020) Assessing mandibular body changes in growing subjects: A comparison of CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalogram measurements. Scientific Reports 16;10(1):1-2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68562-6
38. Clark WJ. The twin block technique A functional orthopedic appliance system. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1988 Jan 1;93(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(88)90188-6
39. Elfeky HY, Fayed MS, Alhammadi MS, Soliman SA, El Boghdadi DM (2018) Three-dimensional skeletal, dentoalveolar and temporomandibular joint changes produced by Twin Block functional appliance. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 79(4):245-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-018-0137-1
40. Yildirim E, Karacay S, Erkan M (2014) Condylar response to functional therapy with Twin-Block as shown by cone-beam computed tomography. The Angle Orthodontist 84(6):1018-25. https://doi.org/10.2319/112713-869.1
41. Trenouth MJ (2000) Cephalometric evaluation of the Twin-block appliance in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with matched normative growth data. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1;117(1):54-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70248-4
42. O’Brien, K.; Wright, J.; Conboy, F.; Sanjie, Y.; Mandall, N.; Chadwick, S.; Connolly, I.; Cook, P.; Birnie, D.; Hammond,M.; et al (2003) Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: Dental and skeletal effects. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop 124:234–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00352-4
43. HAMEED MOHAMED, Mahmoud Abdel; ABDALLAH, Khaled Farouk; HUSSEIN, Farouk Ahmed (2020) Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Condylar Volume and Position Subsequent to Twin Block Functional Therapy of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Accompanied by Low-Level Laser Therapy. Dentistry Journal 8(4):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8040115
44. Mustafa FH, Jaafar MS (2013) Comparison of wavelength-dependent penetration depths of lasers in different types of skin in photodynamic therapy. Indian Journal of Physics 87(3):203-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-012-0213-0
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