The Effectiveness of Photobiomudulation therapy (PBMT) in COVID-19 Infection PBM therapy and COVID19
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences,
Vol. 11 No. Supplement (2020),
30 December 2020
,
Page S23-S29
Abstract
Introduction: Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is an important health challenge worldwide. Due to the cytokine storm, the mortality rate in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is high, but until now no therapy for these patients was approved. The aim of this review was to discuss the possible anti-inflammatory effect of photobiomodulation therapy on ARSD patients and present the potential role of low-level laser therapy in the improvement of respiratory symptoms associated with SARS-COV2.
Methods: Studies about photobiomodulation therapy in inflammation and ARSD patients were examined. A primary search with reviewing English-language citations between 2005 and 2020 using the keywords COVID-19, ARDS, cytokine storm, low-level laser therapy, anti-inflammatory, and photobiomodulation was performed. The initial search yielded 818 articles; however, 60 articles were selected and discussed in the present study.
Results: The results of the selected studies showed the usefulness of PBMT in the treatment of inflammation and ARSD in patients with COVID-19 infection. This therapy is non-invasive and safe to modulate the immune responses in ARSD patients.
Conclusion: PBMT can potentially reduce the viral load and bacterial super-infections in patients with COVID-19 infection and control the inflammatory response. Therefore, the use of PBMT could be an efficient strategy for preventing severe and critical illness in SARS-COV2 infection.
Keywords:
- Covid-19, photobiomodulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm
How to Cite
Jahani Sherafat, S., Mokmeli, S. ., Razaghi, Z., Rostami-Nejad, M., Rezaei Tavirani, M. ., & Razzaghi, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Photobiomudulation therapy (PBMT) in COVID-19 Infection: PBM therapy and COVID19. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 11(Supplement), S23-S29. Retrieved from https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/jlms/article/view/32600
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49. Kamani E, Razaghi MR. Application of Laser Blue Light With a Wavelength of 405 nm in the Treatment of Patients With the Virus COVID-19. J Lasers Medl Sci; 2020:361-362 doi.org/10.22037/jlms.v11i4.30498
50. Sigman SA, Mokmeli S, Monici M, Vetrici M. A 57-Year-Old African American Man with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Who Responded to Supportive Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): First Use of PBMT in COVID-19. Can J Respir Ther 2020;56:52-56 doi: 10.12659/AJCR.926779.
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7. Y Zhanga , X Gengb, Y Tana , Q Lic , C Xua , J Xua et al. New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2020;127:1-7
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11. Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy. J Biophotonics. 2016; 9: 1122–1124. doi:10.1002/jbio.201670113
12. Freitas LF de, Hamblin MR. Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy IEEE. J Sel Top Quantum Electron. 2016; 22:7000417doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2561201.
13. Cotler H B, Chow RT, Hamblin MR, Carroll J. The Use of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) For Musculoskeletal Pain. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol. 2015; 2: 68 doi:10.15406/mojor.2015.02.00068
14. Magnus J, Rodrigo B, Brandao A, Rodrigo L M, Joensen J, Iversen V. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of low level laser therapy and its relevance for clinical use in physiotherapy. Physical Therapy Reviews .2010;15:286-293doi.org/10.1179/1743288X10Y.0000000001
15. Mohammed AR, Shaaban MM. Role of laser acupuncture in chronic respiratory diseases. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc 2014; 63:1065–1070. doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.06.012
16. Sayed M.A, El-Sherif R.M, Mohamed A.R, El-Sherif A.A. Low-level laser therapy in chronic obstructive lung disease. The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology 2018;12:317-322 doi: 10.4103/ejb.ejb_110_17
17. Lutai A.V., Egorova L.A., Shutemova E.A. Laser therapy of elderly patients with pneumonia. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 2001; 3:15-18 [Article in Russian]
18. Milojevic M., Kuruc V. Low power laser biostimulation in the treatment of bronchial asthma Med. Pregl. 2003; 56: 413-418 [Article in Serbian]
19. Suzuki M, Namura K, Ohno Y, Tanaka H, Egawa M, Yokoyama Y et al. The effect of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Altern Complement Med 2008; 14:1097–1105. doi: 10.1089/acm.2007.0786.
20. Fekrazad R. Photobiomodulation and Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy as a Possible Novel Approach in COVID-19 Management. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020;38: 255-257 doi.org/10.1089/photob.2020.4868
21. Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., F. Zhu, X. Liu, J. Zhang, et al., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA 2020;20:1585 doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
22. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, Lancet 2020;395:507–513. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
23. Qing Ye, Bili Wang, Jianhua Mao. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19. J Infect 2020;80:607-613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037
24. Azkur A-K, AkdisM, Azkur D, Sokolowska M, Veen W-D, Brüggen MC, et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Eur J Allergy and clin Immunollogy.2020;75:1564-1581.doi.org/10.1111/all.14364
25. Xiong Y, Liu Y, Cao L, et al. Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9: 761- 770. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1747363
26. Chen AC, Arany PR, Huang YY, Tomkinson EM, Sharma SK, et al. Low level laser therapy activates NF-kB via generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLOS One. 2011; 6:22453. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022453
27. Jha AK, Kumar R, Goenka MK, Dayal VM. Emerging Treatment and Prevention Strategies against COVID-19: A Brief Update. J Digest Endosc 2020;11:69–72
28. Bajwah S, Wilcock A, Towers R, Costantini M, Bausewein C, Simon ST, et al. Managing the supportive care needs of those affected by COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020; 55: 2000815 doi:10.1183/13993003.00751-2015.
29. Chen ZM, Fu JF, Shu Q, et al. Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World J Pediatr. 2020;16:240-246 doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5
30. Stebbing J, Phelan A, Griffin I, Tucker C, Oechsle O, Smith D, and Richardson P. COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments. Lancet. 2020; 20: 400–402 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30132-8
31. Mokmeli S, Vetrici M. Low level laser therapy as a modality to attenuate cytokine storm at multiple levels, enhance recovery, and reduce the use of ventilators in COVID-19. Can J Respir Ther 2020;56:1–7. doi: 10.29390/cjrt-2020-015
32. Ghadimi-Moghadam A, Haghani M, Bevelacqua JJ, Jafarzadeh A, Kaveh-Ahangar A, Mortazavi SMJ, et al. COVID-19 tragic pandemic: concerns over unintentional “directed accelerated evolution” of novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and introducing a modified treatment method for ARDS. J Biomed Phys 2020;10:241–246 doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2003-1085
33. Chung H, Dai T, Sharma S K, Huang YY, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. The Nuts and Bolts of Low-level Laser (Light) Therapy Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 ;40:516–533 doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7
34. Alpert J.S, Jeremiah Metzger and the era of heliotherapy, Trans. Am. Clin.Climatol. Assoc.2015; 126: 120–126.
35. Schuit M, Gardner S, Wood S, Bower K, Williams G, Freeburger D, Dabisch P. The influence of simulated sunlight on the inactivation of influenza virus in aerosols. J. Infect. 2020;Dis: 221, 372–378 doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz582
36. Hobday R.A, Cason J.W. The open-air treatment of pandemic influenza, Am. J. Public Health. 2009;99:236–242 doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.134627.
37. Boras VV, Juras DV, Rogulj AA, Panduric DG, Verzak z, Brailo D. Applications of Low Level Laser Therapy. Chapter 12. A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
38. Farivar Sh,Malekshahabi T,Shiari R. Biological Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy. J Lasers Med Sci .2014; 2:58-62 doi.org/10.22037/jlms.v5i2.5540
39. Assis L, Moretti AIS, Abrahao TB, Cury V, Souza HP, Hamblin MR, et al. Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) reduces inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion. Lasers surg med2012; 44: 726-735. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22077. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
40. Enwemekaa CS, Bumahab VV, Masson-Meyersc DS. Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: a perspective. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020;207:111891. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6152
41. Dai T, Gupta A, Huang YY, Yin R, Murray CK, Vrahas MS, et al. Blue light rescues mice from potentially fatal pseudomonas aeruginosa burn infection: efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2013; 57: 1238–1245. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01652-12. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
42. Halstead FD, Thwaite JE, Burt R, Laws TR, Raguse M, Moeller R, Webber MA, Antibacterial Activity of Blue Light against Nosocomial Wound Pathogens Growing Planktonically and as Mature Biofilms. Oppenheim BA Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016; 82:4006-4016.
43. Wagner SJ. Virus inactivation in blood components by photoactive phenothiazinedyes, Transfus. Med. Rev. 2002;16:61–66. doi: 10.1053/tmrv.2002.29405.
44. Knuver-Hopf J., Lambrecht B., Mohr H., Target structures for HIV-1 inactivation by methylene blue and light, J. Med. Virol. 1995;47:172–178
45. Shehatou C, Logunov SL, Dunman PM, G. Haidaris, Klubben WS. Characterizing the Antimicrobial Properties of 405 nm Light and the Corning® Light-Diffusing Fiber Delivery System Lasers Surg Med. 2019 Dec; 51(10): 887–896. doi: 10.1002/lsm.23132
46. Chui C, Hiratsuka K, Aoki A, Takeuchi Y, Abiko Y, Izumi Y. Blue LED inhibits the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis by suppressing the expression of genes associated with DNA replication and cell division. Lasers Surg Med. 2012; 44:856-64.doi:10.1002/lsm.22090
47. Dai T, Gupta A, Murray CK, Vrahas MS, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR. Blue light for infectious diseases: Propionibacterium acnes, Helicobacter pylori, and beyond? Drug Resist Updat. 2012; 15:223-36 doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.07.001.
48. Huang YY, Chen A, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy. Dose Response. 2009 ;7:358-83. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.09-027.Hamblin.
49. Kamani E, Razaghi MR. Application of Laser Blue Light With a Wavelength of 405 nm in the Treatment of Patients With the Virus COVID-19. J Lasers Medl Sci; 2020:361-362 doi.org/10.22037/jlms.v11i4.30498
50. Sigman SA, Mokmeli S, Monici M, Vetrici M. A 57-Year-Old African American Man with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Who Responded to Supportive Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): First Use of PBMT in COVID-19. Can J Respir Ther 2020;56:52-56 doi: 10.12659/AJCR.926779.
51. Sigman SA, Mokmeli S, Vetrici M. Adjunct low level laser therapy (LLLT) in a morbidly obese patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A case report. Can J Respir Ther 2020;56:52-56 . doi: 10.29390/cjrt-2020-022.
52. Ailioaie C, Ailioaie L. Evidence for benefits of intervention with Lllt in children's asthma. Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (Spie): Spie-Int Society Optical Engineering. 2000. doi.org/10.1117/12.389501
53. N S Ostronosova. Outpatient use of laser therapy in bronchial asthma. Ter Arkh.2006;78(3):41-4.[Article in Russian]
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