The Relationship of Depression, Anxiety and Stress with Childbirth Self-Efficacy in Nulliparous Pregnant Women Childbirth Self-efficacy, Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Advances in Nursing & Midwifery,
دوره 30 شماره 2 (2021),
15 فروردین 2021
,
صفحه 1-7
https://doi.org/10.22037/anm.v30i2.35537
چکیده
Introduction: Childbirth is one of the divine gifts for the production of the human race on earth; but one of the important factors involved in avoiding vaginal childbirth is the childbirth self-efficacy. On the other hand, many changes occur during pregnancy that lead to increased depression, anxiety, and distress. Whereas self-efficacy affects all aspects of behavior and emotional activities such as anxiety, stress, and thought patterns; therefore, this study was aimed to determine the relationship of depression, anxiety, and stress with childbirth self-efficacy in nulliparous pregnant women.
Methods: This study is a descriptive- predictor correlation study that it is done over 323 nulliparous pregnant women referring to health centers in Zahedan city in 2020-2021. Data were collected using Individual questionnaire, Lowe childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire and DASS21 scale. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients test, Liner regressions model and Multiple regression in SPSS version 22. A statistical significance was deemed present when the P-value was less than0.05.
Results: Results of Spearman correlation coefficients test didn’t show a significant direct correlation between childbirth self-efficacy with depression, anxiety and stress (p>0.05). According to Liner regressions model, none of the variables of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant level of less than 0.05 and isn’t considered as a predictor variable of childbirth self-efficacy(p>0.05).
Conclusion: Since there is no significant relationship between depression, anxiety and stress with childbirth self-efficacy in nulliparous pregnant women, it is suggested that more studies be conducted in this field with more samples and in other societies.
کلمات کلیدی:
- Self-efficacy, Childbirth, Depression, Anxiety, Stress
ارجاع به مقاله
Baanei Heravan, M., & Rashki, S. . (2021). The Relationship of Depression, Anxiety and Stress with Childbirth Self-Efficacy in Nulliparous Pregnant Women : Childbirth Self-efficacy, Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery, 30(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.22037/anm.v30i2.35537
مراجع
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25. Bahadoran P, Mohammad Beygi N. Stress and anxiety in pregnancy in esfehan. Journal of Midwifery. 2006(27):7-12. [Persian].
26. Caprara G, Steca P. Affective and social selfregulatory efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness. Eur Psychol. 2005;10(4):275-86.
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29. Bazaz M, Dehghani F, Vaziri Yazdi S. Relationship between spouse intimacy and general self-efficacy with postpartum depression in first birth in Yazd (2016). Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2018;25(4):555-61. [Persian].
30. Rastegari L, Mohebbi P, Mazlomzadeh S. The effect of childbirth preparation training classes on perceived self-efficacy in delivery of pregnant women. Zanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(26):105-15. [Persian].
31. Vala M, Razmandeh R, Rambol K, Nasli Esfahani E, Ghodsi Ghasemabadi R. Mindfulness-based stress reduction group training on depression, anxiety, stress, self-confidence and hemoglobin A1c in young women with Type 2 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016;17(5):382-90. [Persian].
32. Nazari S, Salari P, Mazloom S. Comparison of first and second month postpartum stress and stressors in primiparous women. Nurs Midwifery J. 2016;14(3):213-23. [Persian].
33. Momeni Javid F, Simbar M, Dolatian M, Alavi Majd H. Comparison od pregnancy slf-care, perceived social support and perceived stress of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. IJEM. 2014;16(3):156-64. [Persian].
34. Rabani Bavojdan M, Rabani Bavojdan M, Nikazin A, Kaviani N, Khezrimoghadam A. The relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and metacognition with coping strategies in substance abusers. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2012;6(3):85-102. [Persian].
35. Khorsandi M, Ghofranipour F, Hidarnia A, Faghihzadeh S, Vafaei M, Rousta F, et al. The effect of childbirth preparation classes on childbirth fear and normal delivery among primiparous women. Arak Med Univ J. 2008;11(3):29-36. [Persian].
36. Alipour P, Alizadeh S, Moghaddam Tabrizi F, Sayadi H. The effect of antenatal preparation classess on self- efficacy in coping with childbirth in pregnant women reffering to Fatemeh polyclinic, and other health care centers in Urmia in 2015. The J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2017;14(10):859-66. [Persian].
37. Mollahadi M, Tayyebi A, Ebadi A, Daneshmandi M. Comprison between anexiety, depression and stress in hemodialysis and kidney transplantation patients. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2010;2(4):153-6. [Persian].
38. Mahmoudi H, Ebadi A, Salimi S, Najafi Mehri S, Mokhtari Noori J, Shokrollahi F. Effect of nurse communication with patients on anexiety, depression and stress level of emergency ward patients. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2010;3(1):7-12. [Persian].
39. Zareipour M, Sadaghianifar A, Amirzehni J, Parsnezhad M, Ayuoghi Rahnema V. Exploring of depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women referred to health centers of Urmia. RSJ. 2017;3(2):19-30. [Persian].
40. Joshi D, Shrestha S, Shrestha N. Understanding the antepartum depressive symptoms and its risk factors among the pregnant women visiting public health facilities of Nepal. PloS One. 2019;14(4):e0214992.
41. Bisetegn T, Mihretie G, Muche T. Prevalence and predictors of depression among pregnant women in debretabor town, northwest Ethiopia. PloS One. 2016;11(9):e0161108.
42. Mangoli M, Ramezani T, Mohammad Alizadeh S. Screening mental disorders in pregnancy. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2003;8(4):45-55. [Persian].
43. Schetter C, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Journal Current opinion in psychiatry. 2012;25(2):141-8.
44. Vaziri F, Khademian Z, Morshedi B. Qualitative study of the experiences and understanding of primiparous women from the phenomenon of childbirth. Quarterly Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2012;9(3):226-36.
45. Bahadori Khosroshahi J, Khanjani Z. Relationship of coping strategies and self-efficacy with substance abuse tendency among students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology. 2013;14(3):80-90. [Persian].
46. Sarani A, Azhari S, Mazlom S, Aghamohammadian Sherbaf H. The relationship between coping strategies during pregnancy with perceived stress level in pregnant mothers. Babol Univ Med Sci. 2016;18(7):7-13. [Persian].
2. Ghazaie M, Davoodi I, Neysi A, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Bassak Nejad S. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on fear of childbirth, fear of pain, self-efficacy of childbirth and tendency to caesarean in nulliparous women. IJOGI. 2016;19(31):1-12. [Persian].
3. Maroufizadeh S, Bagheri N, Almasi A, Amini P. Prevalence of cesarean delivery and its related factors in primiparous women in Tehran province. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2017;35(423):303-9. [Persian].
4. Badiee S, Ravanshad Y, Azarfar A, Dastfan F, Babayi S, Mirzayi N. Survey of cesarean deliveries and their causes in hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of medical sciences, Iran. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2013;16(66):7-10. [Persian].
5. Mahmoodjanlou M, Nazarpour S, Ahadi H, Kraskian A. The effectiveness of increasing the self-efficacy of childbirth through reality therapy on the choice of vaginal delivery in pregnant women. Journal of Shahed University. 2018;26(137):37-44. [Persian].
6. Atghaei M, Nouhi E. Imagine the pain of labor and cesarean and vaginal delivery in pregnant women tend to be referred to clinics in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Infertility. 2011;14(7):44-50. [Persian].
7. Salomonsson B, Berterö C, Alehagen S. Self‐ efficacy in pregnant women with severe fear of childbirth. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2013;42(2):191-202.
8. Salomonsson B, Gullberg M, Alehagen S, Wijma K. Self-efficacy beliefs and fear of childbirth in nulliparous women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;34(3):116-21.
9. Fisher C, Hauck Y, Fenwick J. How social context impacts on women’s fears of childbirth: a western Australian example. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(1):64-75.
10. Gourounti K, Anagnostopoulos F, Lykeridou K, Griva F, Vaslamatzis G. Prevalence of women's worries, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy in a public hospital setting in Greece. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2012;40(4):581-3.
11. Baghi V, Ghanei R, Roohi M, Ghoreishi H, Moradi N. The Relationship between antenatal depression and sleep apnea. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2013;16(52):18-24. [Persian].
12. Al-Azri M, Al-Lawati I, Al-Kamyani R, Al-Kiyumi M, Al-Rawahi A, Davidson R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of antenatal depression among Omani women in a primary care setting: cross-sectional study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2016;16(1):35-41.
13. Rezaeian S, Abedian Z, Latifnejad Roudsari R, Mazloum S, Dadgar S. The relationship of prenatal self-care behaviors with stress, anxiety and depression in women at risk of preterm delivery. IJOGI. 2017;20(3):68-76. [Persian].
14. Bayrami M, Zahmatyar H, Bahadori Khosroshahi J. Prediction strategies to coping with stress in the pregnancy women with first experience on the based factors hardiness and social support. Iranian Journal OF Nursing Research. 2013;7(27):1-9. [Persian].
15. Spielberger C. Anxiety and behavior: Academic Press; 2013.
16. Tagharrobi Z. Effect of recitation of Quran on the anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction. Evidence Based Care Journal. 2014;4(1):7-16. [Persian].
17. Ashoori J. The effects of Meta-cognitive therapy on generalized anxiety disorder and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Nursing. 2015;3(2):19-29. [Persian].
18. Jabbari Z, Hashemi H, Haghayegh S. Survey on effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management on the stress, anxiety and depression of pregnant women. J Health Syst Res. 2013;8(7):1341-7. [Persian].
19. Avni-Barron O, PS W. Understanding the causes to make better treatment decisions. Psychiatr Times 2011; Sep;47-50 (Treatment Anxiety Disorders in pregnancy).
20. Mosalanezhad L, Kheshti A, Gholami E. The assessing mental health in pregnancy and relative psychopathologic factor in Jahrom. Jahrom Medical Journal. 2008;5(5):22-9. [Persian].
21. Barjasteh S, Moghaddam Tabrizi F. Antenatal anxiety and pregnancy worries in association with marital and social support. The J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2016;14(6):504-15. [Persian].
22. Littleton H, Bye K, Buck K, Amacker A. Psychosocial stress during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a meta- analytic review. J Psychosomatic Obstet Gynecol. 2010;31(4):219-28.
23. Gyllensten K, Palmer S. The relationship between coaching and workplace stress: A correlational study. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. 2005;43(3):97-103.
24. Nikrahan G, Kajbaf M, Nouri A, Zarean E, Naghshineh E. Assessment of the relationship between personality traits, coping styles with stress and stress level in pregnant women. Journal of Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2011;14(5):49-57. [Persian].
25. Bahadoran P, Mohammad Beygi N. Stress and anxiety in pregnancy in esfehan. Journal of Midwifery. 2006(27):7-12. [Persian].
26. Caprara G, Steca P. Affective and social selfregulatory efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness. Eur Psychol. 2005;10(4):275-86.
27. Ogunyemi A, Mabekoje S. Self-efficacy, risk-taking behavior and mental health as predictors of personal growth initiative among university undergraduates. Journal of Research in Educational Psychology. 2007;12(1):349-62.
28. Khoshnevisan Z, Afrooz G. Relationship of self-efficacy with depression, anexiety and stress. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology Journal. 2011;5(20):73-80. [Persian].
29. Bazaz M, Dehghani F, Vaziri Yazdi S. Relationship between spouse intimacy and general self-efficacy with postpartum depression in first birth in Yazd (2016). Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2018;25(4):555-61. [Persian].
30. Rastegari L, Mohebbi P, Mazlomzadeh S. The effect of childbirth preparation training classes on perceived self-efficacy in delivery of pregnant women. Zanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(26):105-15. [Persian].
31. Vala M, Razmandeh R, Rambol K, Nasli Esfahani E, Ghodsi Ghasemabadi R. Mindfulness-based stress reduction group training on depression, anxiety, stress, self-confidence and hemoglobin A1c in young women with Type 2 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016;17(5):382-90. [Persian].
32. Nazari S, Salari P, Mazloom S. Comparison of first and second month postpartum stress and stressors in primiparous women. Nurs Midwifery J. 2016;14(3):213-23. [Persian].
33. Momeni Javid F, Simbar M, Dolatian M, Alavi Majd H. Comparison od pregnancy slf-care, perceived social support and perceived stress of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. IJEM. 2014;16(3):156-64. [Persian].
34. Rabani Bavojdan M, Rabani Bavojdan M, Nikazin A, Kaviani N, Khezrimoghadam A. The relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and metacognition with coping strategies in substance abusers. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2012;6(3):85-102. [Persian].
35. Khorsandi M, Ghofranipour F, Hidarnia A, Faghihzadeh S, Vafaei M, Rousta F, et al. The effect of childbirth preparation classes on childbirth fear and normal delivery among primiparous women. Arak Med Univ J. 2008;11(3):29-36. [Persian].
36. Alipour P, Alizadeh S, Moghaddam Tabrizi F, Sayadi H. The effect of antenatal preparation classess on self- efficacy in coping with childbirth in pregnant women reffering to Fatemeh polyclinic, and other health care centers in Urmia in 2015. The J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2017;14(10):859-66. [Persian].
37. Mollahadi M, Tayyebi A, Ebadi A, Daneshmandi M. Comprison between anexiety, depression and stress in hemodialysis and kidney transplantation patients. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2010;2(4):153-6. [Persian].
38. Mahmoudi H, Ebadi A, Salimi S, Najafi Mehri S, Mokhtari Noori J, Shokrollahi F. Effect of nurse communication with patients on anexiety, depression and stress level of emergency ward patients. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2010;3(1):7-12. [Persian].
39. Zareipour M, Sadaghianifar A, Amirzehni J, Parsnezhad M, Ayuoghi Rahnema V. Exploring of depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women referred to health centers of Urmia. RSJ. 2017;3(2):19-30. [Persian].
40. Joshi D, Shrestha S, Shrestha N. Understanding the antepartum depressive symptoms and its risk factors among the pregnant women visiting public health facilities of Nepal. PloS One. 2019;14(4):e0214992.
41. Bisetegn T, Mihretie G, Muche T. Prevalence and predictors of depression among pregnant women in debretabor town, northwest Ethiopia. PloS One. 2016;11(9):e0161108.
42. Mangoli M, Ramezani T, Mohammad Alizadeh S. Screening mental disorders in pregnancy. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2003;8(4):45-55. [Persian].
43. Schetter C, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Journal Current opinion in psychiatry. 2012;25(2):141-8.
44. Vaziri F, Khademian Z, Morshedi B. Qualitative study of the experiences and understanding of primiparous women from the phenomenon of childbirth. Quarterly Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2012;9(3):226-36.
45. Bahadori Khosroshahi J, Khanjani Z. Relationship of coping strategies and self-efficacy with substance abuse tendency among students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology. 2013;14(3):80-90. [Persian].
46. Sarani A, Azhari S, Mazlom S, Aghamohammadian Sherbaf H. The relationship between coping strategies during pregnancy with perceived stress level in pregnant mothers. Babol Univ Med Sci. 2016;18(7):7-13. [Persian].
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