A Comparison of Coping Strategies in Iranian Female Victims of Different Types of Intimate Partner Violence
Advances in Nursing & Midwifery,
Vol. 27 No. 2 (2018),
16 July 2018
,
Page 38-44
https://doi.org/10.22037/anm.v27i2.17873
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Spouse abuse is defined as physical, sexual, and psychological-emotional violence committed by a spouse against his wife that is a widely variable phenomenon. The present study was conducted to compare coping strategies for stress in Iranian female victims of spouse abuse of different types in the city of Ilam.
Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 150 females with an experience of spouse abuse during the one-year leading up to the study, selected through convenience sampling. The study tools included the World Health Organization Violence against Women instrument and the Endler and Parker Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-22 software.
Results: All of the participants had experienced at least one type of psychological violence (100%). Some of them had also experienced physical (94%) and sexual (67.3%) violence in the past year. Emotion-focused strategies were the dominant style used by most of the females (48%) in coping with stress. Certain demographic variables, such as the couple›s low literacy, were associated with emotion-focused and avoidance coping strategies. The use of problem-focused strategies increased significantly with household size (r = 0.17 and P = 0.039). One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that physical violence was associated with an increase in avoidance strategies and sexual and psychological violence with an increase in emotion-focused strategies. The results of the multivariate linear regression showed that only sexual violence could predict emotion-focused strategies (β = 0.216 and P = 0.01).
Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of spouse abuse, teaching certain life skills, such as problem-solving and alternative problem-focused behaviors instead of focusing on emotion and stress could be effective in coping with stressful life situations, help improve interpersonal relationships, and prevent harm caused by violence.
- Adaptation
- Psychological
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Iran
How to Cite
References
References
Organization WH. Responding to intimate partner violence and sexual
violence against women: WHO clinical and policy guidelines. Geneva:
World Health Organization; 2013.
Correia I, Alves H, Morais R, Ramos M. The legitimation of wife
abuse among women: The impact of belief in a just world and gender
identification. Pers Individ Differ. 2015;76:7-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.
paid.2014.11.041
Stockl H, Devries K, Rotstein A, Abrahams N, Campbell J, Watts C,
et al. The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide: a systematic
review. Lancet. 2013;382(9895):859-65. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-
(13)61030-2 PMID: 23791474
Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts CH, Health
WHOM-cSoWs, et al. Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings
from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and
domestic violence. Lancet. 2006;368(9543):1260-9. DOI: 10.1016/
S0140-6736(06)69523-8 PMID: 17027732
Devries KM, Mak JY, Garcia-Moreno C, Petzold M, Child JC, Falder
G, et al. Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner
violence against women. Science. 2013;340(6140):1527-8. DOI:
1126/science.1240937 PMID: 23788730
Folkman S. Stress: appraisal and coping. New York: Springer 2013.
Endler NS, Parker JDA. State and trait anxiety, depression
and coping styles. Aust J Psychol. 1990;42(2):207-20. DOI:
1080/00049539008260119
Becker-Weidman EG, Jacobs RH, Reinecke MA, Silva SG, March JS.
Social problem-solving among adolescents treated for depression.
Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(1):11-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.08.006
PMID: 19775677
Hajian S, Vakilian K, Mirzaii Najm-abadi K, Hajian P, Jalalian M. Violence
against women by their intimate partners in Shahroud in northeastern
region of Iran. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(3):117-30. DOI:
5539/gjhs.v6n3p117 PMID: 24762354
Ahmadzad-Asl M, Davoudi F, Zarei N, Mohammad-Sadeghi H,
Rasoulian M. Domestic violence against women as a risk factor for
depressive and anxiety disorders: findings from domestic violence
household survey in Tehran, Iran. Arch Womens Ment Health.
;19(5):861-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0626-4 PMID:
Ghahhari S, Mazdarani S, Khalilian A, Zarghami M. Spouse abuse in
sari-Iran. Iranian J Psychiatr Behav Sci. 2008;2(1):31-5.
Menati R, Menati W, Kassani A, Delpisheh A. Examination of prevalence
of domestic violence and related factors among women in Ilam
city. Life Sci J. 2013.
Suhrabi Z, Delpisheh A, Taghinejad H. Tragedy of women’s self-immolation
in Iran and developing communities: a review. Int J Burns
Trauma. 2012;2(2):93-104. PMID: 23071907
Abramsky T, Watts CH, Garcia-Moreno C, Devries K, Kiss L, Ellsberg
M, et al. What factors are associated with recent intimate partner
violence? findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s
health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:109.
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-109 PMID: 21324186
Farrokh-Eslamlou H, Bushehri B. Investigation of domestic violence
and its related factors referred to forensic medicine center city of Urmia.
J Urmia Univ Med Sci. 2007;18(3):554-61.
Shams Esfandabad H, Emamipour S. [The study of the prevalence of
domestic violence and its related factors]. J Women. 2004;10(5):59-
Ghoreyshi Rad F. Validation of Endler& Parker coping scale of stressful
situations. Olome Tarbiyati. 2010;1:1-7.
Clark CJ, Bloom DE, Hill AG, Silverman JG. Prevalence estimate
of intimate partner violence in Jordan. East Mediterr Health J.
;15(4):880-9. PMID: 20187539
Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya S. Battered and shattered: will they get
justice? A study of domestic violence against women in India based on
National Family Health Survey, 2005. J Adult Prot. 2014;16(4):244-
DOI: 10.1108/jap-07-2013-0032
Johansson Weeks M, Berlin J. Biases in the communication of violence–
Comparing the severity of psychological and physical intimate
partner violence. 2017.
Nasrullah M, Zakar R, Zakar MZ, Abbas S, Safdar R. Circumstances
leading to intimate partner violence against women married as children:
a qualitative study in Urban Slums of Lahore, Pakistan. BMC Int
Health Hum Rights. 2015;15:23. DOI: 10.1186/s12914-015-0060-0
PMID: 26302901
Novo M, Fariña F, Seijo MD, Arce R. Assessment of a community rehabilitation
programme in convicted male intimate-partner violence
offenders1. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2012;12(2):219.
Ribeiro MR, Silva AA, Alves MT, Batista RF, Ribeiro CC, Schraiber
LB, et al. Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Social Support on Violence
against Pregnant Women: A Structural Equation Modeling
Analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0170469. DOI: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0170469 PMID: 28107428
Rasulian M, Bolhari J, Nojomi M, Habib S, Mirzaei Khoshalani M.
Theories and Interventional Models of Intimate Partner Violence:
Suggesting an Interventional Model Based on Primary Health Care
System in Iran. Iranian J Psychiatr Clin Psychol. 2015;21(1):3-16.
Torkashwand F, Rezaeean M, Sheikhfathollahi M, Mehrabian M, Bidaki
R, Garousi B, et al. The Prevalence of the types of domestic vioKasaeinia,
et al.
Adv Nurs Midwifery
lence on women referred to health care centers in Rafsanjan in 2012. J
Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013;12(9):695-708.
Arjmand S, Ajam D. [A study on the effective socio-economic factors
of violence against woemen in Ahwasz]. Soc Youth Stud Q.
;1(3):91-120.
Akbarzadeh D, Akbarzadeh H, Ganbari S, Mohamadzadeh A. Comparison
of type of irrational beliefs, marital conflicts and coping styles
in women seeking divorce and women with intact marriages. J Kermanshah
Univ Med Sci. 2014;18(9):516-24.
Ahmad S, Ishtiaq SM, Mustafa M. The Role of Socio-Economic
Status in Adoption of Coping Strategies Among Adolescents
Against Domestic Violence. J Interpers Violence. 2016. DOI:
1177/0886260516635321 PMID: 27021739
Howerton A, Van Gundy K. Sex differences in coping styles and implications
for depressed mood. Int J Stress Manag. 2009;16(4):333-
DOI: 10.1037/a0016843
Yount KM, Higgins EM, VanderEnde KE, Krause KH, Minh
TH, Schuler SR, et al. Men’s Perpetration of Intimate Partner
Violence in Vietnam. Men Masculin. 2016;19(1):64-84. DOI:
1177/1097184x15572896
Ellsberg M, Arango DJ, Morton M, Gennari F, Kiplesund S, Contreras
M, et al. Prevention of violence against women and girls: what does
the evidence say? Lancet. 2015;385(9977):1555-66. DOI: 10.1016/
S0140-6736(14)61703-7 PMID: 25467575
Zare B, Safyary-Jafarabad H. The study of the relationship between
factors influencing marital satisfaction among married women and
men in Tehran. Soc Psychol Stud Women. 2015;13(1):111-40.
Cheng CC. A study of inter-cultural marital conflict and satisfaction
in Taiwan. Int J Intercult Relat. 2010;34(4):354-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.
ijintrel.2010.04.005
Hassan S, Mallozzi L, Dhingra N, Haden SC. Victimization in young
urban adults and depressed mood: understanding the interplay
of coping and gender. Violence Vict. 2011;26(3):329-46. PMID:
- Abstract Viewed: 1095 times
- PDF Downloaded: 342 times