Investigating Factors Related to Anxiety and Resilience During the Coronavirus Pandemic in Northern Iranian
Advances in Nursing & Midwifery,
Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024),
15 April 2024
,
Page 40-46
https://doi.org/10.22037/anm.v33i2.44882
Abstract
Introduction: The majority of ICU patients require holistic care, neglecting which can lead to various issues, including eye-related problems. This research aimed to assess the impact of a designed educational program focusing on eye care for patients on the knowledge and practice of ICU nurses in selected hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: A semi-experimental study investigated the impact of a designed educational program on the knowledge and performance of 126 nurses working in the ICU departments in Tehran during the year 1402. The intervention consisted of three 2-hour educational sessions. The control group received standard hospital training. Data analysis utilized descriptive and analytical statistics, chi-square, independent t-tests, and paired t-tests with SPSS version 19 software. To adhere to research ethics, educational booklets were also provided to the nurses in the control group after the sessions.
Results: Initially, there were no statistically significant demographic differences between the groups. Pre-intervention, both control and intervention groups exhibited similar average scores in knowledge and practice. However, following the training sessions, the intervention group's scores notably improved, leading to a statistically significant difference between the two groups (knowledge P= 0.000 and practice = P= 0.02).
Conclusions: Training on eye care proves effective in enhancing nurses' knowledge and skills. It appears essential to incorporate workshops and ongoing training sessions for sustained improvement and optimal outcomes. In this way, it is possible to prevent eye problems in patients hospitalized in ICUs, and if they occur, timely care can achieve favorable results.
- Anxiety
- COVID-19
- Mental Health
- Resilience.
How to Cite
References
Setiawati Y, Wahyuhadi J, Joestandari F, Maramis MM, Atika A. Anxiety and Resilience of Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021;14:1-8. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S276655 pmid: 33442258
Online statistics and information about the coronavirus in Iran and the world 2022 [updated 2024; cited 2024].
Nearchou F, Douglas E. Traumatic Distress of COVID-19 and Depression in the General Population: Exploring the Role of Resilience, Anxiety, and Hope. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8485. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168485 pmid: 34444231
Havnen A, Anyan F, Hjemdal O, Solem S, Gurigard Riksfjord M, Hagen K. Resilience Moderates Negative Outcome from Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated-Mediation Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6461. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186461 pmid: 32899835
Schnittker JS. Anxiety, Fear and worry in the modern mind. In: 1st, editor. Emotions in Culture and Everyday Life2022.
Feinstein JS, Gould D, Khalsa SS. Amygdala-driven apnea and the chemoreceptive origin of anxiety. Biol Psychol. 2022;170:108305. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108305 pmid: 35271957
Terlizzi EP, Villarroel MA. Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder among adults. United States: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control; 2020.
Sharif Nia H, Akhlaghi E, Torkian S, Khosravi V, Etesami R, Froelicher ES, et al. Predictors of Persistence of Anxiety, Hyperarousal Stress, and Resilience During the COVID-19 Epidemic: A National Study in Iran. Front Psychol. 2021;12:671124. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671124 pmid: 34658994
Khademloo M, Khalilian A, Naghibi SS, Moosazadeh M. Correlation between social support with anxiety and depression in the elderly: A study in northern Iran. Journal of Population Ageing. 2020:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s12062-020-09290-7
Choi EPH, Hui BPH, Wan EYF. Depression and Anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3740. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103740 pmid: 32466251
Paredes MR, Apaolaza V, Fernandez-Robin C, Hartmann P, Yanez-Martinez D. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective mental well-being: The interplay of perceived threat, future anxiety and resilience. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;170:110455. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110455 pmid: 33071413
Hu J, Huang Y, Liu J, Zheng Z, Xu X, Zhou Y, et al. COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:828379. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828379 pmid: 35264988
Ozdin S, Bayrak Ozdin S. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504-11. doi: 10.1177/0020764020927051 pmid: 32380879
Nakamura ZM, Nash RP, Laughon SL, Rosenstein DL. Neuropsychiatric Complications of COVID-19. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2021;23(5):25. doi: 10.1007/s11920-021-01237-9 pmid: 33725218
Ran L, Wang W, Ai M, Kong Y, Chen J, Kuang L. Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic. Soc Sci Med. 2020;262:113261. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113261 pmid: 32758794
Psychological resilience during the COVID-19 lockdown. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113216. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113216 pmid: 32544705
Salari N, Khazaie H, Hosseinian-Far A, Ghasemi H, Mohammadi M, Shohaimi S, et al. The prevalence of sleep disturbances among physicians and nurses facing the COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020;16(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00620-0 pmid: 32993696
Torales J, O'Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317-20. doi: 10.1177/0020764020915212 pmid: 32233719
Azadnajafabad S, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Rezaei N, Ghasemi E, Naderimagham S, Azmin M, et al. A Report on Statistics of an Online Self-screening Platform for COVID-19 and Its Effectiveness in Iran. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2022;11(7):1069-77. doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.252 pmid: 33619926
Christopher Westland J. Lower bounds on sample size in structural equation modeling. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 2010;9(6):476-87. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2010.07.003
Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences: Routledge; 2013.
Mortazavi F, Akaberi A. Validation of the Anxiety Scale for Pregnancy in a Sample of Iranian Women. International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences. 2017;6(1):67-74. doi: 10.15296/ijwhr.2018.12
Sharif Nia H, She L, Froelicher ES, Maroco J, Moshtagh M, Hejazi S. Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian population. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04580-8 pmid: 36747165
Jin JM, Bai P, He W, Wu F, Liu XF, Han DM, et al. Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality. Front Public Health. 2020;8:152. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00152 pmid: 32411652
Horesh D, Brown AD. Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12(4):331-5. doi: 10.1037/tra0000592 pmid: 32271070
Watkins LL, Koch GG, Sherwood A, Blumenthal JA, Davidson JR, O'Connor C, et al. Association of anxiety and depression with all-cause mortality in individuals with coronary heart disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(2):e000068. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.000068 pmid: 23537805
Broche-Perez Y, Fernandez-Fleites Z, Fernandez-Castillo E, Jimenez-Puig E, Vizcaino-Escobar AE, Ferrer-Lozano DM, et al. Anxiety, Health Self-Perception, and Worry About the Resurgence of COVID-19 Predict Fear Reactions Among Genders in the Cuban Population. Front Glob Womens Health. 2021;2:634088. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.634088 pmid: 34816192
Pouralizadeh M, Bostani Z, Maroufizadeh S, Ghanbari A, Khoshbakht M, Alavi SA, et al. Anxiety and depression and the related factors in nurses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences hospitals during COVID-19: A web-based cross-sectional study. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2020;13:100233. doi: 10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100233 pmid: 32837911
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, et al. A Survey on Mental Health Status of Adult Population Aged 15 and above in the Province of Golestan, Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2017;20(11 Suppl. 1):S35-S8. pmid: 29481124
Isaza V, Parizadi T, Isazade E. Spatio-temporal analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Spatial Information Research. 2023;31(3):315-28. doi: 10.1007/s41324-022-00488-9
Reskati MH, Shafizad M, Aarabi M, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Khosravi S, Elyasi F. Mental health status and psychosocial issues during Nationwide COVID-19 quarantine in Iran in 2020: A cross-sectional study in Mazandaran Province. Curr Psychol. 2023;42(3):2471-87. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-02011-z pmid: 34253946
Bakhshandeh M, Sedrposhan N, Zarei H. The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Counseling to Reduce Anxiety, Marriage; Single People have to be Married in Esfahan City (2013-2014). Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research. 2015;3(01):11-5.
Wu B. Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge. Glob Health Res Policy. 2020;5(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00154-3 pmid: 32514427
Sampogna G, Del Vecchio V, Giallonardo V, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, et al. What Is the Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies on the Mental Health of the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Results from the Italian Multicentric COMET Study. Brain Sci. 2021;11(9):1231. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11091231 pmid: 34573251
Sadeghzadeh Z, Ghodssi-Ghassemabad R, Hamdieh M, Shariatpanahi S, Babazadeh F, Abdoli M, et al. The assessment of the related factors of emotional divorce among Iranian people during the Covid-19 pandemic: a descriptive study. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):360. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01395-w pmid: 37891610
Zhao H, He X, Fan G, Li L, Huang Q, Qiu Q, et al. COVID-19 infection outbreak increases anxiety level of general public in China: involved mechanisms and influencing factors. J Affect Disord. 2020;276:446-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.085 pmid: 32871676
Forbes S, Fikretoglu D. Building resilience: The conceptual basis and research evidence for resilience training programs. Review of General Psychology. 2018;22(4):452-68. doi: 10.1037/gpr0000152
Albott CS, Wozniak JR, McGlinch BP, Wall MH, Gold BS, Vinogradov S. Battle Buddies: Rapid Deployment of a Psychological Resilience Intervention for Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(1):43-54. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004912 pmid: 32345861
Masten AS, Lucke CM, Nelson KM, Stallworthy IC. Resilience in Development and Psychopathology: Multisystem Perspectives. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2021;17:521-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307 pmid: 33534615
Varma P, Junge M, Meaklim H, Jackson ML. Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: A global cross-sectional survey. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021;109:110236. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110236 pmid: 33373680
Hossain MM, Tasnim S, Sultana A, Faizah F, Mazumder H, Zou L, et al. Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review. F1000Res. 2020;9:636. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.24457.1 pmid: 33093946
Girma A, Ayalew E, Mesafint G. Covid-19 Pandemic-Related Stress and Coping Strategies Among Adults with Chronic Disease in Southwest Ethiopia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021;17:1551-61. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S308394 pmid: 34045857
Lee H, Choi D, Lee JJ. Depression, anxiety, and stress in Korean general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022018. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2022018 pmid: 35057582
- Abstract Viewed: 63 times
- pdf Downloaded: 31 times