The Impact of Antiepileptic Drugs on Thyroid Function in Children with Epilepsy: New Versus Old
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,
Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020),
1 January 2020
,
Page 31-41
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v14i1.19177
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of traditional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) versus newer AEDs on the thyroid hormone profile of children with epilepsy.
Materials & Methods
A total of 80 children with epilepsy were included in this study and were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 40 children with epilepsy on traditional AEDs, and group 2 included 40 children with epilepsy on newer AEDs. Forty healthy children were also included as the control group (group 3). We analyzed the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Results: Epileptic children treated with traditional drugs showed a statistically significant decrease in the serum fT4 and increase in TSH concentrations compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Whereas epileptic children treated with newer drugs showed no statistically significant changes in the serum fT3, fT4 and TSH concentrations compared to the control group Conclusions: Traditional AEDs have a significant impact in the thyroid hormone profile compared to the newer AEDs.- Antiepileptic drugs
- traditional drugs
- thyroid hormones
- epileptic children.
How to Cite
References
DiPiro JT., Robert, Talbert RL. (Eds). Pharmacotherapy, A pathophysiologic approach, 8th ed. McGraw Hill, USA. 2011, (section6): chapter 65.
-Carla LoPinto-Khoury, and Scott Mintzer. Antiepileptic drugs and markers of vascular risk. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2010 July; 12(4): 300–308.
Tan TY., Lu CH., Chuang HY., Lin TK, Liou CW, Chang WN, et al. Long-term antiepileptic drug therapy contributes to the acceleration of atherosclerosis. Epilepsia 2009; (50): 1579–1586.
- Svalheim S, Sveberg L, Mochol M, Tauboll E. Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and hormones. Seizure 2015;28:12–7.
- Cansu A. Antiepileptic drugs and hormones in children. Epilepsy Res 2010;89(1):89–95.
- Moshe SL, Perucca E, Ryvlin P, Tomson T. Epilepsy: new advances. Lancet 2015;385(9971):884–98.
- Jovanovic M, Jocic-Jakubi B, Stevanovic D. Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs and quality of life in pediatric epilepsy. Neurol India 2015;63(3):353–9.
- Yılmaz U, Yılmaz TS, Akıncı G, Korkmaz HA, Tekgül H. The effect of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid function in children. Seizure 2014;23(1):29-35.
-De Vries L, Karasik A, Landau Z, Phillip M, Kiviti S, Goldberg-Stern H. Endocrine effects of valproate in adolescent girls with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007;48:470–7.
-Verrotti A, Laus M, Scardapane A, Franzoni E, Chiarelli F. Thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy during long-term administration of carbamazepine and valproate. Eur J Endocrinol 2009;160:81–6.
-Mikati MA, Tarabay H, Khalil A, Rahi AC, El Banna D, Najjar S. Risk factors for development of subclinical hypothyroidism during valproic acid therapy. J Pediatr 2007;151:178–81.
-Sahu JK, Gulati S, Kabra M, Arya R, Sharma R, Gupta N, et al. Evaluation of subclinical hypothyroidism in ambulatory children with controlled epilepsy on valproate monotherapy. J Child Neurol 2012;27:594–7.
-Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, Sawin CT, Col NF, Cobin RH, et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA 2004;291:228–38.
- Monzani A, Prodam F, Rapa A, Moia S, Agarla V, Bellone S, et al. Endocrine disorders in childhood and adolescence. Natural history of subclinical hypo-thyroidism in children and adolescents and potential effects of replacement therapy: a review. Eur J Endocrinol 2013;168:R1–1.
-Mathew BC, Biju RS, Thapalia N. An overview of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) technology. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2005;3:91–3.
-Pincus MR, Abraham NZ Jr: Toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring, in Henry JB (ed): Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, ed 18. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1991, pp 349–384.
-Pennell PB. Hormonal aspects of epilepsy. Neurol Clin 2009;27(4):941–65.
-Thvilum M, Brandt F, Brix TH, Hegedus L. A review of the evidence for and against increased mortality in hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012;8(7):417–24. 19-Rotondi M, Magri F, Chiovato L. Risk of coronary heart disease and mortality for adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. JAMA 2010;304:2481 (author reply 2482).
- Nandi-Munshi D, Taplin CE. Thyroid-related neurological disorders and complications in children. Pediatr Neurol 2015;52(4):373–82.
- Yehia MA, Ahmad SF, El-Bakey A, Omar AE, Helmy AK, Zanaty ES, et al. Antiepileptic drugs and risk of subclinical hypothyroidism. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 2012;49:131–6.
-El-Farahaty RM, El-Mitwalli A, Azzam H, Wasel Y, Elrakhawy MM, Hasaneen BM. Atherosclerotic effects of long-term old and new antiepileptic drugs monotherapy: a cross-sectional comparative study. J Child Neurol 2015; 30(4):451–7.
- Kim SH, Chung HR, Kim SH, Kim H, Lim BC, Chae JH, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism during valproic acid therapy in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Neuropediatrics 2012;43(3):135–9.
- Svalheim S, Sveberg L, Mochol M, Tauboll E. Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and hormones. Seizure 2015;28:12–7.
- Luef G, Rauchenzauner M. Epilepsy, and hormones. A critical review. Epilepsy Behav 2009;15(1):73–7.
-Vainionpa LK, Mikkonen K, Rattya J, Knip M, Pakarinen AJ, Myllyla VV, et al. Thyroid function in girls with epilepsy with carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, or valproate monotherapy and after withdrawal of medication. Epilepsia 2004;45:197–203.
- Attilakos A, Katsarou E, Prassouli A, Mastroyianni S. Thyroid function in children with epilepsy treated with sodium valproate monotherapy: a prospective study. Clin Neuropharmacol 2009;32:32–4.
- Aggarwal A, Rastogi N, Mittal H, Chillar N, Patil R. Thyroid hormone levels in children receiving carbamazepine or valproate. Pediatr Neurol 2011;45:159–62.
- Cansu A, Serdarolu A, Camurdan O, Hirfanoglu T, Bideci A, Gucuyener K. The evaluation of thyroid functions, thyroid antibodies, and thyroid volumes in children with epilepsy during short-term administration of oxcarbazepine and valproate. Epilepsia 2006;47:1855–9.
- Isojarvi JI, Turkka J, Pakarinen AJ, Kotila M, Rattya J, Myllyl VV. Thyroid function in men taking carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, or valproate for epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001;42:930–4.
- Castro-Gago M, Novo-Rodrı´guez MI, Go mez-Lado C, Rodrıguez-Garcıa J, Rodrıguez-Segade S, Eirı´s-Punal J. Evolution of subclinical hypothyroidism in children treated with antiepileptic drugs. Pediatr Neurol 2007;37:426–30.
- Ihsan Kafadar, Betul Aydın Kılıc¸, Mujde Arapoglu, Koray Yalcın,Nazan Dalgıc: Evaluation of Thyroid Hormones in Children Receiving Carbamazepine or Valproate: A Prospective Study. J Child Neurol 2015, Vol. 30(1) 63-68.
- Aygun F, Ekici B, Aydinli N, Aydin BK, Bas¸ F, Tatli B. Thyroid hormones in children on antiepileptic therapy. Int J Neurosci 2012;122:69–73.
-Mangaiarkkarasi Adhimoolam, Ranjitha Arulmozhi. Effect of antiepileptic drug therapy on thyroid hormones among adult epileptic patients: An analytical cross-sectional study. J Res Pharm Pract. 2016 Jul-Sep; 5(3): 171–174.
- Quach MM, Mazin A, Riviello JJ, Jr. Newer anticonvulsant medications in pediatric neurology. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2010; 12: 518-528
- Chung AM, Eiland LS. Use of second-generation antiepileptic drugs in the pediatric population. Paediatr Drugs 2008; 10: 217-254.
- Sébastien Lebon and Eliane Roulet-Perez. Newer Anti-Epileptic Drugs in Children. Epileptologie 2015; 32:58-64.
- Leskiewicz M, Budziszewska B, Lason W. Endocrine effects of antiepileptic drugs. Przegl Lek. 2008;65:795–8.
- Shorvon S. Oxcarbazepine: a review. Seizure 2000;9(2):75–9.
- Villa SM, Alexander NM. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) inhibits in vivo iodide uptake and hormone synthesis in rat thyroid glands. Endocr Res. 1987;13:385–97.
- Abstract Viewed: 186 times