The Effectiveness of Emotion Efficacy Therapy on Entrapment, Guiltin Caregivers of the Patients with Dementia
International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences,
Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023),
19 June 2023
,
Page 45-53
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijabs.v10i2.41108
Abstract
Background and Aim:Considering the growth of the population and the consequent high growth rate of elderely individuals, there is a great need to attend and recognize the problems related to the physical and psychological health of patients with dementia and their caregivers. Therefore, the present study aimed to find the effect of emotion efficacy therapy on entrapment and guilt in caregivers of patients with dementia.Materials and Methods:It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The statistical population of the study included the caregivers of patients with dementia who were referred to neurology clinics in Isfahan in 2022, among whom 30 were selected by purposive sampling, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups each comprising 15 caregivers. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of 90-minute emotion efficacy therapy, and the control group was placed on the waiting list without intervention. The data were collected by Entrapment Scale and Caregiver Guilt Questionnaire and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.Results:The results showed that emotion efficacy therapy significantly affected entrapment and guilt in caregivers of patients with dementia (p<0.05). Furthermore, the interaction of the effect of time and group membership was also significant for entrapment (internal, external), guilt (guilt about self-care, guilt about doing wrong by the care recipient, and guilt about not rising to the occasion as caregivers) except for the factor of guilt about having negative feelings towards other people and guilt about neglecting other relatives (p>0.05). It showed that the changes in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages were significant in each group. The level of difference between the groups in the entrapment was 37.4%, and it was 49.3% for the guilt.Conclusion:Emotion efficacy therapy affects and changes the stimuli and underlying factors, including ineffective beliefs and thoughts; as a result, it can be used to decrease the entrapment and the guilt in the caregivers of patients with dementia.
How to Cite
References
Organization, W.H., Global status report on the public health response to dementia. 2021.
Rampioni, M., et al., Embodied conversational agents for patients with dementia: thematic literature analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2021. 9(7): p. e25381.
Michalakes MD, L., What Can We Learn from the Caregivers of Adults with Dementia? A Qualitative Study. 2022.
Connolly, S., Economics of dementia: A review of methods. Dementia, 2020. 19(5): p. 1426-1440.
McAuliffe, L., B. Ong, and G. Kinsella, Mediators of burden and depression in dementia family caregivers: Kinship differences. Dementia, 2020. 19(7): p. 2234-2250.
Lethin, C., et al., Predicting caregiver burden in informal caregivers caring for persons with dementia living at home–A follow-up cohort study. Dementia, 2020. 19(3): p. 640-660.
Gilbert, P. and S. Allan, The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: an exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychological medicine, 1998. 28(3): p. 585-598.
O’Connor, R.C. and G. Portzky, The relationship between entrapment and suicidal behavior through the lens of the integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behavior. Current opinion in psychology, 2018. 22: p. 12-17.
Taylor, P.J., et al., Defeat and entrapment in schizophrenia: The relationship with suicidal ideation and positive psychotic symptoms. Psychiatry research, 2010. 178(2): p. 244-248.
Gilbert, P., The relationship of shame, social anxiety and depression: The role of the evaluation of social rank. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 2000. 7(3): p. 174-189.
Birchwood, M., et al., Social anxiety and the shame of psychosis: a study in first episode psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 2007. 45(5): p. 1025-1037.
Höller, I., et al., Defeat, entrapment, and suicidal ideation: Twelve‐month trajectories. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 2022. 52(1): p. 69-82.
Martin, Y., et al., The relation of entrapment, shame and guilt to depression, in carers of people with dementia. Aging and Mental Health, 2006. 10(2): p. 101-106.
Han, S.J. and J. Chun, A Comparison of Health Perception, Entrapment, Suicidal Ideation, and Care Burden of Main Caregivers of Elderly Dementia Patients According to Depression Status. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, 2016. 8(5): p. 179-190.
Owen, L.G. and K.H. Dening, Exploring therapeutic interventions to reduce the experience of guilt in carers of people living with dementia. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 2019. 13(1): p. 38-43.
Cherry, M.G., et al., Guilt, shame and expressed emotion in carers of people with long-term mental health difficulties: A systematic review. Psychiatry research, 2017. 249: p. 139-151.
Gallego-Alberto, L., et al., Pilot study of a psychotherapeutic intervention for reducing guilt feelings in highly distressed dementia family caregivers (Innovative practice). Dementia, 2021. 20(2): p. 759-769.
Gallego-Alberto, L., et al., “I feel guilty”. Exploring guilt-related dynamics in family caregivers of people with dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 2022. 45(5): p. 1294-1303.
Sallim, A.B., et al., Prevalence of mental health disorders among caregivers of patients with Alzheimer disease. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2015. 16(12): p. 1034-1041.
Losada, A., et al., Caring for Relatives with Dementia in Times of COVID-19: Impact on Caregivers and Care-recipients. Clinical Gerontologist, 2022. 45(1): p. 71-85.
Vanderlind, W.M., et al., Understanding positive emotion deficits in depression: From emotion preferences to emotion regulation. Clinical psychology review, 2020. 76: p. 101826.
del-Pino-Casado, R., et al., Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informal caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 2021. 16(3): p. e0247143.
McKay, M. and A. West, Emotion efficacy therapy: A brief, exposure-based treatment for emotion regulation integrating ACT and DBT. 2016: New Harbinger Publications.
Boden, M.T. and R.J. Thompson, Facets of emotional awareness and associations with emotion regulation and depression. Emotion, 2015. 15(3): p. 399.
Abdi, S.F., B. Mirzaian, and G. ABBASI, The Effectiveness of Emotion Efficacy Therapy on the Level of Depression and Self-Care Ability of Non-Clinical Depressed Elderly. 2021.
Eisazadeh, F., et al., Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness Therapy on Increasing Psychological Well-Being and Weight Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes. International Journal of Applied, 2022. 9(3): p. 42-53.
Masjedi, M.A., et al., comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy on anxiety sensitivity in cardiac patients. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 2020. 7(3): p. 13-24.
Ghavasi, F., et al., The Effectiveness of Group Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Emotional Regulation and Rumination in Girls with Traumatic Experience. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 2019. 6(2): p. 1-9.
Pinquart, M. and S. Sörensen, Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: a meta-analysis. Psychology and aging, 2003. 18(2): p. 250.
TARSAFI, M., S.M. KALANTARKOUSHEH, and D. LESTER, Exploratory factor analysis of the defeat scale and its relationship with depression and hopelessness among Iranian University Students. 2015.
Losada, A., et al., development and validation of the Caregiver Guilt Questionnaire. International Psychogeriatrics, 2010. 22(4): p. 650-660.
Dolatshad, F., et al., The correlation of occupational stress with guilt in the nurses of mofid children’s hospital in Tehran, Iran. Iran Journal of Nursing, 2020. 33(124): p. 82-91.
Griffiths, A.W., A.M. Wood, and S. Tai, The prospective role of defeat and entrapment in caregiver burden and depression amongst formal caregivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 2018. 120: p. 24-31.
Zareie Faskhudi, B., et al., Comparison of the Effect of Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment from Emotional Disorders and Emotion Efficacy Therapy on Emotion Regulation among Adults with Stuttering. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 2021. 12(2): p. 185-209.
Klemanski, D.H., et al., Emotion regulation and the transdiagnostic role of repetitive negative thinking in adolescents with social anxiety and depression. Cognitive therapy and research, 2017. 41: p. 206-219.
Prunty, M.M. and K.J. Foli, Guilt experienced by caregivers to individuals with dementia: A concept analysis. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 2019. 14(2): p. e12227.
Hellström, I., et al., Development of older men’s caregiving roles for wives with dementia. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2017. 31(4): p. 957-964.
Safari, A. and R. Aftab, The Effectiveness of Online Dialectical Behavior Therapy on the Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Guilt Feeling and Dissociative Symptoms in Depressed People. 2022.
Fitzpatrick, S., K. Bailey, and S.L. Rizvi, Changes in emotions over the course of dialectical behavior therapy and the moderating role of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior therapy, 2020. 51(6): p. 946-957.
- Abstract Viewed: 56 times
- PdF Downloaded: 93 times