The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on the Fear of Negative Evaluation and Automatic Thoughtsin Female Students
International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences,
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2020),
29 February 2020
,
Page 11-23
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijabs.v7i1.27123
Abstract
Introduction: Mindfulness training is an effective method for lowering stress and negative thoughts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts in female students.
Method: This research was conducted as a semi-experimental research using pre-test post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 30 students (15 participants for each of the experimental and control groups). At first, 120 individuals were selected by purposive sampling and then 30 subjects were selected among the students who scored higher than the average score in the pre-test (fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts scales). Participants in the experimental groups received mindfulness training for eight sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the training a post-test was taken from both groups. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to investigate the research hypotheses.
Results: The results indicated that mindfulness training decreased significantly both fear of negative evaluation (p<0.05) and automatic thoughts (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mindfulness training is effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts, so providing this training for students can prevent the negative effects of these variables in the educational environment.
- Automatic thoughts, Fear, Mindfulness, Negative evaluation, Students
How to Cite
References
Flynn EB. Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Development: The Role of Implicit Theories of Emotion: UC Irvine; 2016.
Free ML. Cognitive therapy in groups: Guidelines and resources for practice: John Wiley & Sons; 2007.
Kube T, Siebers VHA, Herzog P, Glombiewski JA, Doering BK, Rief W. Integrating situation-specific dysfunctional expectations and dispositional optimism into the cognitive model of depression–A path-analytic approach. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2018;229:199-205.
Tandler S, Schwinger M, Kaminski K, Stiensmeier-Pelster J. Self-affirmation buffers claimed self-handicapping? A test of contextual and individual moderators. Psychology. 2014;2014.
Beck JS, Beck A. Cognitive behavior therapy. New York: Basics and beyond Guilford Publication. 2011.
Akin A. Self-handicapping scale: A study of validity and reliability. Egitim ve Bilim. 2012;37(164):176.
del Mar Ferradás M, Freire C, Valle A, Núñez JC. Academic goals and self-handicapping strategies in university students. The Spanish journal of psychology. 2016;19.
Şoflău R, David DO. A meta-analytical approach of the relationships between the irrationality of beliefs and the functionality of automatic thoughts. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2017;41(2):178-92.
Spinhoven P, Klein N, Kennis M, Cramer AO, Siegle G, Cuijpers P, et al. The effects of cognitive-behavior therapy for depression on repetitive negative thinking: a meta-analysis. Behaviour research and therapy. 2018;106:71-85.
Coudevylle GR, Gernigon C, Ginis KAM. Self-esteem, self-confidence, anxiety and claimed self-handicapping: A mediational analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2011;12(6):670-5.
Ridgers ND, Fazey DM, Fairclough SJ. Perceptions of athletic competence and fear of negative evaluation during physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2007;77(2):339-49.
Villarosa-Hurlocker MC, Whitley RB, Capron DW, Madson MB. Thinking while drinking: Fear of negative evaluation predicts drinking behaviors of students with social anxiety. Addictive behaviors. 2018;78:160-5.
Jain M, Sudhir PM. Dimensions of perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in social phobia. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2010;3(4):216-21.
McEvoy PM, Saulsman LM, Rapee RM. Imagery-Enhanced CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder: Guilford Publications; 2018.
Hofmann SG, Moscovitch DA, Kim H-J, Taylor AN. Changes in self-perception during treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2004;72(4):588.
Bright M, Parker S, French P, Fowler D, Gumley A, Morrison AP, et al. Metacognitive beliefs as psychological predictors of social functioning: An investigation with young people at risk of psychosis. Psychiatry research. 2018;262:520-6.
Heimberg RG, Brozovich FA, Rapee RM. A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder. Social Anxiety: Elsevier; 2014. p. 705-28.
Esser J. The effects of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy on patients with chronic anxiety and depression–a pilot study: University of Twente; 2012.
Fraser A. The Healing Power of Meditation: Leading Experts on Buddhism, Psychology, and Medicine Explore the Health Benefit s of Contemplative Practice: Shambhala Publications; 2013.
Sedlmeier P, Eberth J, Schwarz M, Zimmermann D, Haarig F, Jaeger S, et al. The psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin. 2012;138(6):1139.
Frewen PA, Evans EM, Maraj N, Dozois DJ, Partridge K. Letting go: Mindfulness and negative automatic thinking. Cognitive therapy and research. 2008;32(6):758-74.
Lindsay EK, Creswell JD. Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). Clinical Psychology Review. 2017;51:48-59.
Germer C, Siegel RD, Fulton PR. Mindfulness and psychotherapy: Guilford Publications; 2016.
Creswell JD. Mindfulness interventions. Annual review of psychology. 2017;68:491-516.
Visted E, Vøllestad J, Nielsen MB, Nielsen GH. The impact of group-based mindfulness training on self-reported mindfulness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness. 2015;6(3):501-22.
Creswell JD, Lindsay EK. How does mindfulness training affect health? A mindfulness stress buffering account. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2014;23(6):401-7.
Eisendrath SJ. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Mindfulness and Acceptance: Expanding the Cognitive-behavioral Tradition. 2016.
Tapper K. Can mindfulness influence weight management related eating behaviors? If so, how? Clinical psychology review. 2017;53:122-34.
Potek R. Mindfulness as a school-based prevention program and its effect on adolescent stress, anxiety and emotion regulation: New York University; 2012.
Bornemann B, Singer T. Taking time to feel our body: steady increases in heartbeat perception accuracy and decreases in alexithymia over 9 months of contemplative mental training. Psychophysiology. 2017;54(3):469-82.
Townshend K, Jordan Z, Stephenson M, Tsey K. The effectiveness of mindful parenting programs in promoting parents’ and children's wellbeing: a systematic review. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports. 2016;14(3):139-80.
Young KS, van der Velden AM, Craske MG, Pallesen KJ, Fjorback L, Roepstorff A, et al. The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on brain activity: A systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2018;84:424-33.
Shearer A, Hunt M, Chowdhury M, Nicol L. Effects of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention on student stress and heart rate variability. International Journal of Stress Management. 2016;23(2):232.
Gockel A, Cain T, Malove S, James S. Mindfulness as clinical training: Student perspectives on the utility of mindfulness training in fostering clinical intervention skills. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought. 2013;32(1):36-59.
Heredia L, Gasol L, Ventura D, Vicens P, Torrente M. Mindfulness-based stress reduction training program increases psychological well-being, and emotional regulation, but not attentional performance. A pilot study. Mindfulness & Compassion. 2017;2(2):130-7.
Baer RA. Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinician's guide to evidence base and applications: Elsevier; 2015.
Paul NA, Stanton SJ, Greeson JM, Smoski MJ, Wang L. Psychological and neural mechanisms of trait mindfulness in reducing depression vulnerability. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience. 2013;8(1):56-64.
Keng S-L, Tan ELY, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Smoski MJ. Effects of mindfulness, reappraisal, and suppression on sad mood and cognitive resources. Behaviour research and therapy. 2017;91:33-42.
Ietsugu T, Crane C, Hackmann A, Brennan K, Gross M, Crane RS, et al. Gradually getting better: Trajectories of change in rumination and anxious worry in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of relapse to recurrent depression. Mindfulness. 2015;6(5):1088-94.
barghi Irani Z, Zare H, Hassanzadeh M. The effectiveness of cure-based mental health-based stress relies on fear of negative evaluation, change in attitude to life and assertiveness in adolescent maladaptive males. Government - Payame Noor University (Ministry of Science, Research and Technology) - Payame Noor University of Tehran Province - South Tehran Message Center. 2017.
Dadash Nia H. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Fear of Negative and Self-Regulatory Expression in Anxious Students: Central Tehran Branch. Faculty of Education and Psychology.; 2014.
Ebrahiminejad S. The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Based Mindfulness Therapy on Reducing Psychological Problems and Symptoms in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder: Tabriz University; 2013.
Mamakanan GM. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Changing the Ineffective Choices of Spouse's Attitudes: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2014.
Zivari F. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Education on Reducing the Level of Irrational Beliefs in Adolescents: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2014.
Mohammadzadeh K, Abdollahzadeh S. The Effectiveness of Group Mindfulness Training on Automatic Cognitive Processing. Second International Conference on Psychology, Education Sciences and Lifestyle; Mashhad: Torbat-e-Hariri University; 2015.
Pourmohammadi S, Bagheri F. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Automatic Cognitive Processing. Psychological studies. 2015;3:141-59.
Thurston MD, Goldin P, Heimberg R, Gross JJ. Self-views in social anxiety disorder: The impact of CBT versus MBSR. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2017;47:83-90.
Butler RM, Boden MT, Olino TM, Morrison AS, Goldin PR, Gross JJ, et al. Emotional clarity and attention to emotions in cognitive behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2018;55:31-8.
Beirami M, Movahedi Y, Alizadeh Goradel J. Effectiveness of cognitive-mindedness therapy on reducing social anxiety and ineffective attitudes of adolescents. Social recognition. 2015;7:40-52.
Mohamad Khani P, Tamnaeifar Sh, A JT. The effectiveness of psychological interventions based on the prevention of recurrence of depression in order to present a national plan to reduce the rate of depression. . 2005.
Hiçdurmaz D, Öz F. Interpersonal sensitivity, coping ways and automatic thoughts of nursing students before and after a cognitive-behavioral group counseling program. Nurse education today. 2016;36:152-8.
Rod K. Observing the effects of mindfulness-based meditation on anxiety and depression in chronic pain patients. Psychiatr Danub. 2015;27(Suppl 1):S209-11.
Baba Poor Khireddin J, Poursarifi H, Hashemi T, Ahmadi E. The Relationship between Metacognition and Mindfulness Components with Obsessive Beliefs of Students. School Psychology. 2012;4. 23.
Kocovski NL, Fleming JE, Rector NA. Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy for social anxiety disorder: An open trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2009;16(3):276-89.
Duncan LG, Coatsworth JD, Greenberg MT. A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical child and family psychology review. 2009;12(3):255-70.
Schutte NS, Malouff JM. Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and individual differences. 2011;50(7):1116-9.
Oraki M, Ghorbani M. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) on Perceived Stress and Body Mass Index in Overweight Women. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences. 2020;6(3):1-8.
Sadeghi K, Foroughi AA, Bazani M, Amiri S, Parvizifard A. Effectiveness of Self-Help Mindfulness on Depression, Anxiety and Stress. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences. 2019;5(4):10-8.
- Abstract Viewed: 800 times
- pdf Downloaded: 403 times