Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench

Alterations in gut microbiota composition and systemic inflammation in patients with type 1 diabetes

Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench, , 2 March 2026 , Page 1-9 (e15)
https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3293

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate alterations in specific gut bacterial genera and investigate their associations with inflammatory biomarkers in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Background: T1DM is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in the pathogenesis and inflammatory status of T1DM.

Methods: This case–control study enrolled 30 T1DM patients and 30 matched healthy controls. The abundance of Clostridium and Ruminococcus 16S rRNA was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, and Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results: Patients with T1DM exhibited significantly higher fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and blood pressure compared with controls (p < 0.001). The abundance of Clostridium and Ruminococcus was significantly reduced in patients with T1DM. Lower Clostridium abundance was associated with elevated IL-6 and CRP levels, while reduced Ruminococcus abundance showed significant inverse correlations with IL-6 and TNF-α. Logistic regression analysis indicated that decreased abundance of these genera was independently associated with increased systemic inflammation. The relative abundance of both bacterial genera (base on 16S rRNA) were significantly higher in the control group than in the T1DM group.

Conclusion: Alterations in gut microbiota composition, particularly reduced abundance of Clostridium and Ruminococcus, are associated with increased systemic inflammation in T1DM. These findings support a potential link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammatory status in T1DM and suggest that microbiota-targeted strategies may represent a complementary approach for inflammation modulation.

Keywords:
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Clostridium
  • Ruminococcus
  • Inflammation
  • Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

How to Cite

Effatpanah, H., Hossein Tehrani, M. J., Sarlak, D., mookhah, R., & mardani, rajab. (2026). Alterations in gut microbiota composition and systemic inflammation in patients with type 1 diabetes. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench, 19(01), 1–9 (e15). https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3293

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