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卷 14 编号 1 (2026)

十月 2025

Nano-Formulated Apelin13 Reduces Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Suppressing Activity of TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB Axis and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines; an Experimental Study

  • Elham Kashafi Jahromi
  • Solmaz Nasseri Maleki
  • Michael Hamblin
  • Fatemeh Ramezani
  • Nahid Aboutaleb

学术急诊医学档案, 卷 14 编号 1 (2026), 1 十月 2025 , 第 e29 页
https://doi.org/10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2941 已出版: 2026-07-25

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摘要

Introduction: Nanocarrier-mediated delivery represents a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological agents. This study investigated whether encapsulating the endogenous peptide apelin-13 in niosomes (Nano-Apelin13) could improve its protective effects against ischemic stroke injury in rats.

Methods. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Sixty rats were randomly allocated into five experimental groups: Sham, CI/R (ischemia/reperfusion), CI/R + empty niosomes, CI/R + free Apelin13, and CI/R + Nano-Apelin13. Free Apelin13 and Nano-Apelin13 (40 µg/kg) were administered intravenously 1 hour after reperfusion onset. After 24 hours, cerebral infarction size, neurological deficit scores, brain water content, and neuronal damage were evaluated. Protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β were analyzed by western blotting.

Results. Both free Apelin13 and Nano-Apelin13 significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, improved neurological scores, decreased neuronal loss, and downregulated MyD88 and NF-κB expression. However, Nano-Apelin13 demonstrated superior efficacy, normalizing several parameters to sham-operated levels. Notably, Nano-Apelin13 significantly suppressed TLR4 expression and attenuated cerebral edema and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, effects that were either significantly enhanced or absent in the free Apelin13-treated group.

 Conclusion: Delivery of Apelin13 in niosomes could be a good option to reduce CI/R damage by inhibiting the activity of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB axis compared to free Apelin13.

关键词:
  • Brain Ischemia
  • Apelin, Apelin-13 peptide
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Signal Transduction
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4
  • Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
  • pdf (English)

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Kashafi Jahromi E, Nasseri Maleki S, Hamblin M, Ramezani F, Aboutaleb N. Nano-Formulated Apelin13 Reduces Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Suppressing Activity of TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB Axis and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines; an Experimental Study. Arch Acad Emerg Med [网际网络]. 2026年7月25日 [见引于 2026年7月27日];14(1):e29. 载于: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/2941
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参考

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