Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organs and cells are damaged by autoantibodies and immune complexes.

This disease often affects the body organs, one of which is the vascular system that manifests itself as vasculitis. Rarely, this vasculitis can cause perforation and epistaxis in the nasal septum. Most people who present this manifestation in lupus are people who have a known lupus case and develop septal perforation over time.

Case Presentation: In this article, a patient with epistaxis and septal perforation was referred and, finally, she was diagnosed with lupus.

Conclusion: This study shows that other than granulomatous and eosinophilic angiitis (Wegner & Churg-Strauss), systemic lupus erythematous should be in mind in diagnosis of septal perforation.

Background: Coexistence of optic neuritis (ON) and sinus disorder, particularly the concurrent presentation of both diseases, is a rare and unique condition. In this report, we describe a case of optic neuritis, which was accompanied by posterior ethmoid sinusitis.

Case Presentation: Presented with right-sided acute progressive loss of vision in a 61-year-old female due to the direct spread of infection from ethmoid sinus to the optic nerve through dehiscent optic canal.

Conclusions: A combination of medical therapy, prior to surgery, with broad spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids together with right-sided ethmoidectomy and sphenoidectomy  led to a complete recovery of vision. She was successfully treated and at follow up of first month, she presented the normal vision acuity.                                                     

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common causes of hearing impairment in children and if not treated, can result in many complications. It seems that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) plays an important role in OME.

Aim: to determine the improvement rate of otitis media with effusion in children under gastroesophageal reflux therapy.

Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective study. Medical records of forty children with OME were reviewed. Some patients were treated with antibiotic and anti-reflux. The others were managed only with antibiotic. All patients were treated for 2 weeks. Two weeks after treatment complement, the response rates of patients were determined by clinical examination and tympanometry. Type A, C, and B tympanometry were interpreted as a good, moderate, and no response respectively. Pre-and post-treatment conditions were compared.

Results: Overall 78 ears (40 in in the anti-reflux therapy group and 38 in the other group) were enrolled in the survey. The overall good, moderate, and no responses to medical treatment were 35.9%, 35.9%, and 28.2%, respectively. Among 40 ears in the anti-reflux therapy group, the rates of good, moderate, and no response were 50%, 37.5%, and 12.5%, respectively. These rates in 38 other ears were 21%, 34.2%, and 44.8% respectively. The differences between two groups were statistically significant (all p-value of <0.05).

Conclusion: Anti-reflux therapy should be considered as an essential component of medical management in the children with OME.

Background: Anthropometric measures are important research goals especially because of racial differences and also variation in measurement techniques. In this study, head circumference in neonates weighing less than 2500 grams in Emam-Hosein hospital in 2018 was assessed.

Aim: The aim of this study was to Measuring Head Circumference in Neonates Weighing Less Than 2500 Grams.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 neonates weighing less than 2500 grams in Emam-Hosein hospital in 2018 were enrolled. The head circumference in neonates was determined and also was compared according to gestational age, birth weight, and sex.

Results: There were 53% males and 47% females. There were 85.5% preterm neonates. Birth weight was less than 2000 gram in 12.5%. Head circumference was low in 148 cases (74%). The head circumference was not differed by gestational age, birth weight, and sex (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Totally, it may be concluded that head circumference is normal only in ¼ of neonates weighing less than 2500 grams and it is not an optimal goal for growth pattern monitoring.

Background: Nose shape plays an important role in individuals’ facial appearance and its morphology depends on ethnicity, gender, and environmental conditions. Identifying nasal problems and measuring landmarks can lead to making a perfect surgery plan through preoperative image analysis.

Methods: In this study, a photogrammetric analysis was performed on 120 female rhinoplasty applicants, aged 18-30 in Shiraz, Iran. Recorded parameters are nasal height and width, nasolabial and nasofrontal angle. Nasal indices were calculated according to heights and widths of noses. Also, facial asymmetry and nose hump checked for every patient.

Results: Measurements showed that the average nasal index was 67.15 ± 4.72. Thus, the nose of rhinoplasty applicants was the leptorrhine type. Furthermore, the average nasofrontal and nasolabial angles were 145.22° ± 9.93°and 94.47° ± 14.25°. Among all applicants, 35 percent have an asymmetric nose and 31 percent have a nose hump.

Conclusion:  An accurate facial analysis of rhinoplasty applicants was performed in this study, and the resultant facial profiles can be used in nose surgery planning and in further ethnic research.

Background: Seven to ten percent of facial nerve paralysis occurs in patients with temporal bone fracture. It has become increasingly common due to the development of human activity. One of the main topics of discussion is facial nerve injury management resulting from temporal bone trauma. The purpose of this study is to report the paralysis of facial nerve after temporal bone fractures.

Aim: In this study, our goal was to record the facial profile of rhinoplasty applicants in Shiraz.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 20 cases of traumatic paralysis of facial nerve, which underwent facial nerve decompression.

Results: Recovery rate was correlated to the delay of surgery. 83.3% of patients who underwent decompression surgery within the first 2 weeks after trauma had an excellent therapeutic outcome (HB grading I-II) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.000).

Conclusion: Facial nerve paralysis surgical management after bone fracture is controversial. The decision must be taken according to the type of paralysis and the radiological electrophysiological and evolutionary data.

Background: The prevalence of mental disorders and injuries among cosmetic surgery applicants is higher than normal people.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to predict the tendency towards rhinoplasty based on obsessive compulsive personality disorder and body image.

Methods: The study population consisted of 100 people (30 males and 70 females) applicants for rhinoplasty who were selected by convenience sampling method by referring to three limited surgery clinics in Tehran. The instruments included the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions in SPSS ver.21.

Results: The findings showed a significant positive relationship between obsessive compulsive personality disorder and body image, AE subscale, AO subscale, and BAS subscale with tendency towards rhinoplasty. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that obsessive compulsive personality disorder (16.3% (R² = 0.163)) and body image (14% (R² = 0.141)) and altogether explain 54% (R² = 0.540) of the tendency towards rhinoplasty.

Conclusion: Most people who refer to cosmetic surgery clinics have obsessive-compulsive tendencies and negative body image, and, therefore, it is recommended that clients undergo psychological evaluation in these clinics before surgery.

Objectives: This study aimed at identifying and visualizing the scientometric indicators of top ten highly productive journals publishing documents on topics related to COVID-19.

Methods: on April 4, 2021, using 36 COVID-19 keywords derived from MeSH retrieved all relevant global publications indexed in Scopus. Then, all studies were limited to top 10 highly productive journals in this field. An Exploratory and descriptive analysis of bibliographic data (number of publication/citations, journals, highly cited documents, highly cited/productive authors/countries, co-occurrence map of keywords, and co-citation map of sources) by using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software packages were performed.

Results: The top ranked journals in publication numbers belonged to the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (N=1304, 16.2%), Plos One (N=1158, 14.4%) and BMJ (997, 12.4%), respectively. The Lancet (N=69983), JAMA (N=42553) and the Journal of Medical Virology (19089) ranked first to third as to received citation numbers, respectively. Mahase, E (N=180, 2.23%), Lacobucci, G (N=126, 1.56%) and Rimmer, A (N=82, 1.01%) were ranked first to third as highly-productive authors, respectively. However, the highest-ranked authors in their citations/document indicator were Cheng, Z (3691), Gu, X (2736.25) and Xia, J (2269.66), respectively. First to third ranked countries in receiving citations were China (94776), United States (51621) and United Kingdom (32339), respectively.  Out of top 10 contributing countries in producing documents, United States (1976; 24.5%), United Kingdom (1372; 17%) and China (894; 11.1%) ranked first to third, respectively. Keywords co-occurrence and clustering showed that clinical manifestation and dissemination of the disease as well as its epidemiology have been heavily considered. 

Discussion: This study offers important quantitative information on journals working on the disease. Identifying most productive journals can help potential researchers collaborate with researchers from pioneering journals and contribute to top journals for making influential works on COVID-19 and consequent knowledge on the control and treatment of the disease.

Background:

Highly cited papers are considered publications with a great impact on a scientific community and have been deeply investigated in different fields.

Aim: This study aimed at analyzing and visualizing the top 1000 highly cited papers on COVID-19.

Methods: As a bibliometric study, this study was conducted by retrieving 1000 highly-cited papers on COVID-19 published during 2019-2021 from Scopus. The search strategy was to obtain 35 related keywords/terms on the COVID-19 as the main term from MeSH and searching them in the fields of paper titles, abstracts, and keywords. Bibliometric techniques such as co-citation analysis, co-authorship analysis and word co-occurrence analysis were used for the study. Data visualization was done by applying the VOSviewer software package and GunnMap.

Results: China, the United States of America (USA), and the United Kingdom (UK) with publishing 418, 353, and 149, mostly cited papers were ranked first-to-third, respectively. The top contributing research institutes were from China and the USA. The top three most productive research institutions were Huazhong University of Science and Technology (N=83), Tongji Medical College (N=76), and Wuhan University (N=64), respectively. The New England Journal of Medicine, the Lancet and JAMA ranked first to third in publishing these papers, respectively. Collaborating countries were mainly of European origin. Research institutes from China, the USA, and the UK had higher collaboration. Keyword clustering showed that the clinical features and laboratory descriptions, risk factors, pathogenic and immunological aspects as well as the managerial aspects and urgent preparation of the disease were topics with high concern and concentration.

Conclusion: This study is the first bibliometric study on the top 1000 highly cited papers on COVID-19 and can be beneficial to researchers in identifying important topics, active producing agents and existing gaps in the literature on the disease. It can be conceived as a reference for COVID-19 researchers and a guide for conducting other bibliometric studies on COVID-19 scientific investigation.