Concentration analysis and non-carcinogenic risk assessment from arsenic exposure in Hasht-Bandi of Minab with spatial distribution model (surface kriging map)
Journal of Health in the Field,
,
27 بهمن 2017
چکیده
Background and Aims: The entrance of heavy metals, such as arsenic, in water resources can adversely affect human health and ecosystem through bioaccumulation, toxicity, and environmental resistance.
Materials and Methods: The concentration of arsenic in 17 wells in the region of Hasht-Bandi Minab (Iran) was measured during 2012-2013. Groundwater arsenic concentration and hazard quotient (HQ), which describes non-carcinogenic risk, were assessed applying spatial distribution map (surface kriging map).
Results: The concentration of arsenic in groundwater ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 23.7 ppb, with a mean value of 7.69±2.56 ppb. Depending on the location and season of year, arsenic in groundwater covered a wide range of concentration. In autumn (north-west region), winter (north-east region), spring (north-east, north-west, and center regions) and summer (center and east regions), arsenic concentrations were considered unsafe. Chronic daily intake (CDI) and HQ of studied population were respectively calculated as 0.00028 mg/ kg-d and 0.92.
Conclusion: The mean concentration of arsenic was in worrying range; however, the population living in Hasht Bandi had a HQ in secure range. The spatial maps prepared by kriging method showed that the highest and lowest concentrations of arsenic and subsequently hazard quotient were observed in the north-east and in the south and south-west regions, respectively. The findings of the present study draw a meaningful conclusion relating to the use of spatial distribution model in the evaluation of environmental pollutants concentration and risk.
Key words: Arsenic, Non-carcinogen, Kriging surface map
مراجع
Mebrahtu G, Zerabruk S. Concentration and health implication of heavy metals in drinking water from urban areas of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 2011; 3(1): 105-121.
Demirak A, Yilmaz F, Tuna AL, Ozdemir N. Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Leuciscus cephalus from a stream in southwestern Turkey. Chemospher 2006; 63(9): 1451-1458.
Muhammad S, Shah MT, Khan S. Arsenic health risk assessment in drinking water and source apportionment using multivariate statistical techniques in Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010; 48(10): 2855-2864.39/
Krishna AK, Satyanarayanan M, Govil PK. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area: a case study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009. 167(1): 366-373.
Pekey H, Karakaş D, Bakoglu M. Source apportionment of trace metals in surface waters of a polluted stream using multivariate statistical analyses. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2004; 49(9): 809-818.
Ouyang Y, Higman J, Thompson J, O›Toole T, Campbell D. Characterization and spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediment from Cedar and Ortega rivers subbasin. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 2002;
(1): 19-35.
Soupioni M, Symeopoulos B, Papaefthymiou H. Determination of trace elements in bottled water in Greece by instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analyses. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2006; 268(3): 441-444.
Babaji I, Shashikiran N, Reddy S. Comparative evaluation of trace elements and residual bacterial content of different brands of bottled waters. Indian SOC 2004; 22(4): 201-204.
WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Recommendations. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
IARC. Some chemicals present in industrial and consumer products, food and drinking-water. Lyon: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013.
Steinmaus C, Yuan Y, Bates MN, Smith AH. Case-control study of bladder cancer and drinking water arsenic in the western United States. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 158(12): 1193-201.
Shekoohiyan S, Ghoochani M, Mohagheghian A, Mahvi AH, Yunesian M, Nazmara S. Determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2012; 9(1): 1-6.
Chen HW. Gallium, indium, and arsenic pollution of groundwater from a semiconductor manufacturing area of Taiwan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2006; 77(2): 289-296.
Chowdhury M, Alouani A, Hossain F. Comparison of ordinary kriging and artificial neural network for spatial mapping of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2010; 24(1): 1-7.
Campos V. Arsenic in groundwater affected by phosphate fertilizers at Sao Paulo, Brazil. Environmental Geology 2002; 42(1): 83-87.
Kilgour DW, Moseley RB, Barnett MO, Savage KS, Jardine PM. Potential negative consequences of adding phosphorus-based fertilizers to immobilize lead in soil. Journal of Environmental Quality 2008; 37(5): 1733-1740.
Goovaerts P. Geostatistical modeling of the spatial variability of arsenic in groundwater of southeast Michigan. Water Resources Research 2005; 41(7): 1245-1255.
Liu CW, Jang CS, Liao CM. Evaluation of arsenic contamination potential using indicator kriging in the Yun-Lin aquifer (Taiwan). Science of the Total Environment 2004; 321(1): 173-188.
Adhikary PP, Chandrasekharan H, Chakraborty D, Kamble K. Assessment of groundwater pollution in West Delhi, India using geostatistical approach. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2010; 167(1-4): 599-615.
Cinnirella S, Buttafuoco G, Pirrone N. Stochastic analysis to assess the spatial distribution of groundwater nitrate concentrations in the Po catchment (Italy). Environmental Pollution 2005; 133(3): 569-580.
/40
Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI). National Population and Housing in 2011. Statistical Centre of Iran, Tehran. Available from:http://www.amar.org.ir/. Accessed Sep 30, 2014 (In Persian).
Lee JJ, Jang CS, Wang SW, Liu CW. Evaluation of potential health risk of arsenic-affected groundwater using indicator kriging and dose response model. Science of the Total Environment 2007; 384(1): 151-162.
APHA, AWWA, WEF. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
Darvishsefat AA, Tajvidi M. Atlas of protected areas of Iran. Tehran: University of Tehran; 2006 (In Persian).
Muhammad S, Shah MT, Khan S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Microchemical Journal 2011; 98(2): 334-343.
HACH. 2800 Spectrophotometer: procedures manual. 2nd ed. Germany: Hach Company; 2007.
Kavcar P, Sofuoglu A, Sofuoglu SC. A health risk assessment for exposure to trace metals via drinking water ingestion pathway. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2009; 212(2): 216-227.
Stralka K. Estimated per capita water ingestion and body weight in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology; 2004.
Chen LG, Feng HL. Water source quality safety evaluation based on health risk assessment. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2008; 39: 235–239.
Patrick DR. Risk assessment and risk management. Toxic Air Pollution Handbook 1994; 341-59.
Wang Z. Potential health risk of arsenic and cadmium in groundwater near Xiangjiang River, China: a case study for risk assessment and management of toxic substances. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
; 175(1-4): 167-173.
Hashmi MZ, Yu C, Shen H, Duan D, Shen C, Lou L, et al. Risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in agricultural soils of siling reservoir watershed in Zhejiang Province, China. BioMed Research International 2013.
Hooshmand A, Delghandi M, Izadi A, and Aali A. Application of kriging and cokriging in spatial estimation of groundwater quality parameters. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2011; 6(14): 3402-3408.
Goovaerts P. Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997.
Zahid A, Hassan MQ, Balke KD, Flegr M, Clark DW. Groundwater chemistry and occurrence of arsenic
in the Meghna floodplain aquifer, southeastern Bangladesh. Environmental Geology 2008; 54(6): 1247-1260.
Chakraborti D. Status of groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh: a 14-year study report. Water Research 2010; 44(19): 5789-5802.
Reza A, Jean JS, Lee MK, Yang H J, Liu CC. Arsenic enrichment and mobilization in the Holocene alluvial aquifers of the Chapai-Nawabganj district, Bangladesh: a geochemical and statistical study. Applied Geochemistry 2010; 25(8): 1280-1289.
Kar S. Arsenic-enriched aquifers: Occurrences and mobilization of arsenic in groundwater of Ganges Delta Plain, Barasat, West Bengal, India. Applied Geochemistry 2010; 25(12): 1805-1814.
Farooqi A, Masuda H, Kusakabe M, Naseem M, Firdous N. Distribution of highly arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwater from east Punjab, Pakistan, and the controlling role of anthropogenic pollutants in the natural hydrological cycle. Geochemical Journal 2007; 41(4): 213-234.
Moore JN, Woessner WW. Arsenic contamination in the water supply of Milltown, Montana. in Arsenic in Ground Water. New Yourk: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2003.41/
Smedley P, Kinniburgh D. A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Applied Geochemistry 2002; 17(5): 517-568.
Zhang Q. Predicting the risk of arsenic contaminated groundwater in Shanxi Province, northern China. Environmental Pollution 2012; 165: 118-123.
Amin M, Ebrahimi A, Hajian M, Iranpanah N, Bina B. Spatial analysis of three agrichemicals in groundwater of Isfahan using GS+. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2010; 7(1): 71-80.
Mousavi S, Balali-Mood M, Riahi-Zanjani B, Yousefzadeh H, Sadeghi M. Concentrations of mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, arsenic and aluminum in irrigation water wells and wastewaters used for agriculture in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2013; 4(2): 200.
Knechtenhofer LA, Xifra IO, Scheinost AC, Flühler H, Kretzschmar R. Fate of heavy metals in a strongly acidic shooting range soil: small scale metal distribution and its relation to preferential water flow. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 2003;166(1): 84-92.
Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Zhu Y. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution 2008;152(3): 686-92.
Lin Y-B, Lin Y-P, Liu C-W, Tan Y-C. Mapping of spatial multi-scale sources of arsenic variation in groundwater on ChiaNan floodplain of Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment 2006; 370(1):168-81.
- چکیده مشاهده شده: 357 بار
- PDF (English) دانلود شده: 162 بار