Depression disorders rate and related factors in suicide attempters with drug or toxins
Social Determinants of Health,
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2016),
16 April 2017
,
Page 138-147
https://doi.org/10.22037/sdh.v2i4.16287
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a complicated phenomenon which is influenced by the interaction of psychological and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate rate of depression disorders in suicide attempters with drug or toxins in the Baharloo hospital, Tehran, Iran, duration 1394.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, Beck Depression standardized questionnaire and demographic/socioeconomic information form was given to 248 suicide cases with drug or toxins to fill completely. For analyzing the data, Chi- Square and Multiple logistic regression tests were executed by spss19.
Results: In this study, from 248 cases hospitalized due to suicide attempt with drugs or toxins, 87.2% diagnosed with depressive disorders. In chi2 analysis there was significant association between depression disorders and these variables “married status (p=0.001), housewife (p=0.002), family monthly income below 10000000 Rials[1] (p=0.005), substance use (p=0.001), psychiatric disorders history (p=0.001)”. In full model multiple logistic regression analysis (total variables entered in model) we found significant association between depressive disorders and " gender, woman (p=0.03, OR=6.2, 95%CI= 1.33-3.44), aged 25-15 years (p=0.002, OR=22.7, 95%CI= 3.16-154.9), married status (p=0.007, OR=10.2, 95%CI= 1.87-55.5), worker or self-employment (p=0.02, OR=15.66, 95%CI= 1.41-172.25), (p=0.02, OR=14.97, 95%CI= 1.32-162.5) and family monthly income below ten million Rails (p<0.001, OR=11.30, 95%CI= 3.16-40.8) ". Also, family monthly income below 10000000 Rials (p<0.001, OR=5.34, 95%CI= 2.05-13.91), married status and divorced or widow/widower (p<0.001, OR=3.93, 95%CI= 11.5-33.74), (p=0.01, OR=3.27, 95%CI= 16.57-83.71), age 15-25 and 26-35 (p=0.02, OR=9.15, 95%CI= 2.32-36.08),(p=0.01, OR=5.34, 95%CI= 1.36-21.03) are predictor factors for depression disorders leading to suicide attempt.
Conclusion: Future planning should focus on premature diagnosis of psychiatric disorders particular depression disorders because of first cause of suicide. This aim will be achieved through continuous consulting and following vulnerable cases.
Keywords: Depressive disorders, suicide, drug or toxins
- Depressive Disorder
- Drug or Toxins
- Suicide
- Risk Factors
How to Cite
References
Hosseini SH, Yazdanpanah F, Ghannadzadegan HA, Fazli M. Evaluation of Self-Immolation Suicide attempt in Sari City (north of Iran) between 2011 to 2014. Int J Med Invest. 2015;5(2):65-8.
http://who.int/mental_health/suicideprevention/world_report_2014/en/
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives/national-snapshot/suicide-
%E2%80%932011
Dumais A, Lesage AD, Alda M, Rouleau G, Dumont M, Chawky N, Roy M, Mann JJ, Benkelfat C, Turecki G. Risk factors for suicide completion in major depression: a case-control study of impulsive
and aggressive behaviors in men. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(11):2116-24.
http://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics/
Saberi-Zafaghandi MB, Hajebi A, Eskandarieh S, Ahmadzad-Asl M. Epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide derived from the health system database in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 2001-2007. East Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(8):836-41.
Ghanbari B, Malakouti SK, Nojomi M, Alavi K, Khaleghparast S. Suicide Prevention and Follow-Up Services: A Narrative Review. Glob J Health Sci. 2016;8(5):145-153.
WHO. Preventing suicide: a global imperative. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicidepreventio
n/world_report_2014/en/. Accessed Nov25, 2015.
Byass P. Uncounted causes of death. Lancet. 2016;387(10013):26-7.
Yen IH, Kaplan GA. Poverty area residence and changes in depression and perceived health status: evidence from the Alameda County Study. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28(1):90-4.
Kessler RC, Zhao S, Blazer DG, Swartz M. Prevalence, correlates, and course of minor depression and major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. J Affect Disord. 1997;45(1-2):19-30.
Lorant V, Deliège D, Eaton W, Robert A, Philippot P, Ansseau M. Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(2):98-112.
Goodman E, Huang B. Socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, and adolescent substance use. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156(5):448-53.
Goodman E, Huang B, Wade TJ, Kahn RS. A multilevel analysis of the relation of socioeconomic status to adolescent depressive symptoms: does school context matter? J Pediatr. 2003;143(4):451-6.
Roy A. Family history of suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1983;40(9):971-4.
Barraclough BM, Pallis DJ. Depression followed by suicide: a comparison of depressed suicides with living depressives. Psychol Med. 1975;5(1):55-61.
Brent DA, Perper JA, Moritz G, Baugher M, Schweers J, Roth C. Suicide in affectively ill adolescents: a case-control study. J Affect Disord. 1994;31(3):193-202.
Renaud J, Brent DA, Birmaher B, Chiappetta L, Bridge J. Suicide in adolescents with disruptive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(7):846-51.
Suominen K, Isometsä E, Suokas J, Haukka J, Achte K, Lönnqvist J. Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: a 37-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(3):562-3.
Beškovnik L, Juričič NK, Švab V. Suicide index reduction in Slovenia: the impact of primary care provision. Ment Health Fam Med. 2011;8(1):51-5.
Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, De Leo D, Wasserman D. Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence. Crisis. 2004;25(4):147-55.
Malakouti SK, Nojomi M, Poshtmashadi M, Hakim Shooshtari M, Mansouri Moghadam F, Rahimi-Movaghar A, et al. Integrating a suicide prevention program into the primary health care network: A field trial study in Iran. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015.
Fleischmann A, Bertolote JM, De Leo D, Botega N, Phillips M, Sisask M, Vijayakumar L, Malakouti K, Schlebusch L, De Silva D, Nguyen VT, Wasserman D. Characteristics of attempted suicides seen in emergency-care settings of general hospitals in eight low- and middle-income countries. Psychol Med. 2005;35(10):1467-74.
KKliem S, Mößle T, Zenger M, Brähler E. Reliability and validity of the BeckDepression Inventory-Fast Screen for medical patients in the general German population. J Affect Disord. 2014;156:236-9.
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. 1996:b9.
Chouhdari A, Yavari P, Pourhoseingholi MA, Sohrabi MR. Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Participation in Colonoscopy Screening Program in First Degree Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Iran J Cancer Prev. 2016;9(2).
Sawicka J, Szulc A, Bachórzewska-Gajewska H. [Suicides among patients with mental disorders - case studies]. Psychiatr Pol. 2013;47(1):135-46.
Wang LJ, Chiang SC, Su LW, Lin SK, Chen CK. Factors associated with drug-related psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts among illicit drug users in Taiwan. Subst Use Misuse. 2012;47(10):1185-8.
Shakeri A, Jafarizadeh F. The reasons for successful suicides in Fars province. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2013;22(97):271-5. (Text in Persian)
Angst J, Angst F, Stassen HH. Suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 1999;60:57.
Luoma JB, Pearson JL. Suicide and marital status in the United States, 1991-1996: is widowhood a risk factor? Am J Public Health. 2002;92(9):1518–1522.
Khazaie HE, Parvizifard A. Demographic characteristics and mental state evaluation of attempted suicide victims in Tabriz in 2001.
Agerbo E, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB. Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: nested casecontrol study. BMJ. 2002;325(7355):74.
Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB. Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national registerbased study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981-1997. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(4):765-72.
Rossow I. Suicide, violence and child abuse: a review of the impact of alcohol consumption on social problems. Contemporary Drug Problems. 2000;27(3):397-433.
- Abstract Viewed: 962 times
- PDF Downloaded: 592 times