Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Upper Limb Functional Index
Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023),
1 July 2023
,
Page e93
https://doi.org/10.22037/jcpr.v8i3.47090
Abstract
Introduction: The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) designed to evaluate the functional status and level of participation of individuals with upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (ULMSDs). The purpose of this study was to translate the original ULFI into Persian (ULFI-Pr) and assess the psychometric properties of ULFI-Pr in Iranian individuals with ULMSDs. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in two stages based on standard guidelines. The ULFI was cross-culturally adapted through double forward and backward translations, and then its psychometric properties were validated. Participants (n=150) with various upper limb conditions for >12 weeks completed the ULFI and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined using Cronbach’s Alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The full sample determined internal consistency, concurrent criterion validity, construct validity, and factor structure; a subgroup (n=30) determined reliability at 14 days interval. Results: The original ULFI was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Persian with only minor wording changes. The ULFI-Pr demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.93) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.92). The correlation between ULFI and DASH was high (r = 0.71) and P<0.001). Construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Maximum Likelihood Extraction with Promax rotation. The EFA demonstrated a one-factor structure that explained 38.2% of total variance. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusion: The ULFI-Pr can be considered a region-specific, single-factor structure PROM for the evaluation of ULMSDs for clinical and research purposes in Persian language populations.
- Patient reported outcomes, upper limb, Persian, validity, factor analysis
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