Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research

Abstract

Infertility is a complex condition affecting approximately 15% of couples globally, with male factors contributing to 30-50% of cases. The etiology of male infertility encompasses hormonal imbalances, anatomical abnormalities, lifestyle choices, and environmental exposures. Traditional medical interventions primarily focus on hormonal therapies and surgical corrections, yet there is increasing interest in complementary strategies, including physical therapy, to enhance male reproductive health. This literature review systematically examines the role of physical therapy interventions specifically pelvic floor training, manual therapy, exercise regimens, and stress management techniques in improving male fertility outcomes. Research suggests that pelvic floor training can strengthen muscles crucial for sexual function and reduce performance anxiety. Manual therapy techniques, such as myofascial release and soft tissue mobilization, can improve blood circulation to the pelvic region, positively influencing sperm quality. Regular exercise has been linked to hormonal balance and enhanced overall fitness, contributing to better fertility outcomes. Furthermore, addressing psychological factors through stress management is essential, as chronic stress can adversely affect reproductive health. This review underscores the significance of multidisciplinary approaches in the management of male infertility and highlights the potential of physical therapy as a critical component in promoting male reproductive health and optimizing fertility. Future research directions are proposed to deepen understanding and inform clinical practice in this area.