The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and High-Fat Diet on Serum Concentration of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Girls with Overweight and Obesity
Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research,
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022),
1 Tir 2022
,
Page e69
https://doi.org/10.22037/jcpr.v7i3.38611
Abstract
Introduction: High-fat diets and physical exercise are associated with increased expression of genes involved in the metabolism and browning of adipose tissue; however, their molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over a period of a ketogenic diet (KD) on serum levels of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC) in females with overweight and obesity were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 16 inactive females with overweight and obesity (BMI>25 kg.m-2, aged 18-24 years) were randomly divided into two groups of eight individuals (KD+HIIT: Experimental group or KD: Control group) and participated in a six-week experimental period (KD: 70% fat, 20% protein and 10% carbohydrate; HIIT: 4×4 min running with an intensity of 85-95% of maximal heart rate, three 45-min sessions per week). Blood samples were collected and analyzed 48 h before and after the experimental period. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA and paired-samples t-tests at the 95% confidence level. Results: From pre-test to post-test, KD+HIIT was associated with a significant increase in UCP1 (P=0.007) and HDL (P<0.001) and a significant decrease in LDL (P=0.001) and TC (P=0.009), whereas KD led to a significant increase in HDL (P<0.001) and a significant decrease in LDL (P=0.002). After controlling for pre-test effects, the levels of UCP1 (P=0.006) and HDL (P<0.001) in experimental group in post-test were significantly higher than in KD group, whereas differences in LDL (P=0.486) and TC (P=0.665) levels were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Combining HIIT with a KD is more effective than KD alone in activating the browning pathways of adipose tissue and improving blood lipid profile, which can be used to manage overweight and prevent the cardiovascular consequences of obesity.
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