Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research

Abstract

Osteoid osteoma is a moderately common bone lesion, accounting for 10-12% of benign bone tumors (1, 2).

It primarily affects young people in their first two decades of life, with the majority of cases occurring between the ages of 5 and 30 (3). Men are 2-4 times more likely to be affected than women (4).

The tumor can develop in almost any bone in the body; however, in more than 70% of cases, the long bones are the source of the tumor, with the femur and tibia being the most frequently affected (50-60%). The diaphysis or metaphysics of long bones are the most common sites for osteoid osteomas. With a frequency of around 10-13%, epiphyseal and intra-articular locations are deemed rare, with the hip being the most common site (4-7). Other less impacted areas include the ankle, elbow, wrist, and knee. When a lesion develops at the extremity of long bones, near or inside the joint, in a bone confined by the capsule, very close to it, and to the synovia, it is classified as intra-articular (3).

This condition's etiology remains unclear and the incidence of a familial occurrence is exceptionally unlikely. Cytogenetic modifications such as the deletion of chromosome 22q have been identified in cases of osteoid osteoma, although further research is needed to definitively relate this individual to a clonal mutation (8, 9).