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  4. Letter to Editor

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023)

January 2023

Is Brain Fog a Temporary or Life-long Condition?

  • Afshan Niknafs

International Clinical Neuroscience Journal, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023), 15 January 2023 , Page e8
Published: 2023-05-15

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Abstract

In the 1880s, German physician Georg Greiner coined the concept of “brain fog” to describe the cognitive deficits associated with delirium. The term “brain fog” has been used intermittently since then to describe sluggish cognition. It gained popularity again in the 1990s as a way to describe chronic fatigue syndrome and some autoimmune diseases. However, there are no diagnostic criteria for brain fog and it is not a medical condition.1
The term “brain fog” describes cognitive difficulties that are increasingly used colloquially. Long-term COVID-19 is characterized by persistent symptoms following a COVID-19 diagnosis that cannot be explained by any other illness. Persistent symptoms following COVID-19 are often described as “brain fog.” Brain fog syndrome, which is associated with excessive academic strain, was revived in the 1960s and was included in the DSM-IV.2
As a result of post-COVID-19 infection, residual cognitive impairment (“brain fog”) often interferes with work and daily activities.3 Recent investigations have shown that fungal co-infections significantly affect the morbidity and mortality of patients with COVID-19.

Keywords:
  • Brain fog
  • life-long condition
  • temporary
  • cognitive impairment
  • neuroinflammatory markers
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How to Cite

1.
Niknafs A. Is Brain Fog a Temporary or Life-long Condition?. Int Clin Neurosci J [Internet]. 2023 May 15 [cited 2025 May 20];10(1):e8. Available from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/neuroscience/article/view/41102
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References

Sukel K. Lifting the fog. New Sci. 2022;254(3390):38-41. doi: 10.1016/s0262-4079(22)01024-7.

Prince R. The “brain fag” syndrome in Nigerian students. J Ment Sci. 1960;106:559-70. doi: 10.1192/bjp.106.443.559.

Vanderlind WM, Rabinovitz BB, Miao IY, Oberlin LE, Bueno-Castellano C, Fridman C, et al. A systematic review of neuropsychological and psychiatric sequalae of COVID-19: implications for treatment. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021;34(4):420-33. doi: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000713.

Rabiei MM, Zali A, Rahmati Roodsari S, Arab-Mazar Z, Lotfali E. Fungal central nervous system infections in patients with COVID-19. Int Clin Neurosci J. 2021;8(4):154-6.

Krishnan K, Lin Y, Prewitt KM, Potter DA. Multidisciplinary approach to brain fog and related persisting symptoms post COVID-19. J Health Serv Psychol. 2022;48(1):31-8. doi: 10.1007/s42843-022-00056-7.

Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Lowe N, Arnsten AF. Clinical experience with the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of cognitive deficits in “Long-COVID19”. Neuroimmunol Rep. 2023;3:100154. doi: 10.1016/j.nerep.2022.100154.

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