International Clinical Neuroscience Journal

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2019)

Determining the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Training on the Rate of C-Reactive Protein and Depression in Patients Afflicted With Rheumatoid Arthritis

International Clinical Neuroscience Journal, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2019), 29 June 2019 , Page 64-68

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive autoimmune disease with variable clinical symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral training on C-reactive protein (CRP) and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study involved all women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis who went to Iran Rheumatology Center. From among them, 60 individuals were randomly selected and consigned to the control and experimental groups. The control group received only medication, and an educational package about rheumatoid arthritis provided for them. Beck’s depression and biochemical evaluations questionnaires were used to measure dependent variables. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS. 22 software were used.
Results: The mean (SD) of depression in the experimental group in the pretest was 25.5 (3.8), which decreased to 18.9 (4.2) in the post-test (P < 0.01), but the mean (SD) of the control group was not statistically significant. Also, the mean (SD) of the CRP in the experimental group was 27.3 (6.9) in the pretest, which increased to 22.8 (4.6) in the post-test (P < 0.01), but the mean (SD) of the control group was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: This research revealed that cognitive behavioral training led to a reduction of CRP and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Keywords:
  • C-reactive protein
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Depression.

How to Cite

1.
Edalatjoo Z, Zarbakhsh M, Shamsaldini A. Determining the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Training on the Rate of C-Reactive Protein and Depression in Patients Afflicted With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int Clin Neurosci J [Internet]. 2019 Jun. 29 [cited 2025 Mar. 15];6(2):64-8. Available from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/neuroscience/article/view/24878

References

Okada Y, Wu D, Trynka G, Raj T, Terao C, Ikari K, et al. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery. Nature. 2014;506(7488):376-81. doi: 10.1038/nature12873.

Dougados M, Soubrier M, Antunez A, Balint P, Balsa A, Buch MH, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis and evaluation of their monitoring: results of an international, cross-sectional study (COMORA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):62-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204223.

Roubille C, Richer V, Starnino T, McCourt C, McFarlane A, Fleming P, et al. The effects of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids on cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(3):480-9. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206624.

Alipour B, Homayouni-Rad A, Vaghef-Mehrabany E, Sharif SK, Vaghef-Mehrabany L, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus casei supplementation on disease activity and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014;17(5):519-27. doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.12333.

Jahanbin I, Hoseini Moghadam M, Nazarinia MA, Ghodsbin F, Bagheri Z, Ashraf AR. The effect of conditioning exercise on the health status and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2014;2(3):169-76.

Dehghan A, Dupuis J, Barbalic M, Bis JC, Eiriksdottir G, Lu C, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in >80 000 subjects identifies multiple loci for C-reactive protein levels. Circulation. 2011;123(7):731-8. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.948570.

Pasco JA, Nicholson GC, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, Henry MJ, Kotowicz MA, et al. Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197(5):372-7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076430.

Pine SR, Mechanic LE, Enewold L, Chaturvedi AK, Katki HA, Zheng YL, et al. Increased levels of circulating interleukin 6, interleukin 8, C-reactive protein, and risk of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(14):1112-22. doi: 10.1093/jnci/ djr216.

Brooks GC, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS. Relation of C-reactive protein to abdominal adiposity. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(1):56- 61. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.02.017.

Ehde DM, Dillworth TM, Turner JA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain: efficacy, innovations, and directions for research. Am Psychol. 2014;69(2):153-66. doi: 10.1037/a0035747.

Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJ, Sawyer AT, Fang A. The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012;36(5):427-40. doi: 10.1007/ s10608-012-9476-1.

Edwards RR, Cahalan C, Mensing G, Smith M, Haythornthwaite JA. Pain, catastrophizing, and depression in the rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;7(4):216- 24. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.2.

Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74. doi: 10.1176/appi. ajp.2011.10111669.

Gulliksson M, Burell G, Vessby B, Lundin L, Toss H, Svardsudd K. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy vs standard treatment to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease: Secondary Prevention in Uppsala Primary Health Care project (SUPRIM). Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(2):134-40. doi: 10.1001/ archinternmed.2010.510.

Okajima I, Komada Y, Inoue Y. A meta-analysis on the treatment effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for primary insomnia. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2011;9(1):24-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2010.00481.x.

Bushnell MC, Ceko M, Low LA. Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14(7):502-11. doi: 10.1038/nrn3516.

Hasenbring MI, Verbunt JA. Fear-avoidance and endurance-related responses to pain: new models of behavior and their consequences for clinical practice. Clin J Pain. 2010;26(9):747-53. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181e104f2.

Beck AT, Dozois DJ. Cognitive therapy: current status and future directions. Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:397-409. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-052209-100032.

Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. Braz J Psychiatry. 2013;35(4):416-31. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446- 2012-1048.

Sepehrmanesh Z, Kolahdooz F, Abedi F, Mazroii N, Assarian A, Asemi Z, et al. Vitamin D supplementation affects the beck depression inventory, insulin resistance, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Nutr. 2016;146(2):243- 8. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.218883.

Hamzeh Pourhaghighi T, Dousti YA, Mirzaeian B, Fakhri K. The Effectiveness of Group-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Perceived Pain and Perception of Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;20:45-57. [Persian]

Nazemi Ardakani F, Bahrami Ehsan H, Alipour A, Bayat N. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management intervention on psychological and immune factors in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis referred to the rheumatology clinics of Baghiat Allah hospital. Journal of Military Psychology. 2015;6(22):55-65. [Persian]

  • Abstract Viewed: 271 times
  • PDF Downloaded: 326 times

Download Statastics