Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences

Objective: Health has different dimensions. One of the most important dimensions of health is its mental and spiritual aspect, which has recently received the attention of researchers. Spirituality is considered one of the important aspects of human life. In today's civilized world, paying too much attention to the material aspects of human life has caused the spiritual dimension of human life to be forgotten.

Materials and Methods: One of the important areas in which this dimension of human life is manifested is the time when a person is suffering from illness and goes to health and treatment centers. Man's confrontation with illness makes the soul aware of the mortality of material life and is a push to pay more attention to spirituality and immaterial dimensions; However, in healthcare centers, this issue has not been paid much attention and is often ignored.

Results: Although various studies have confirmed the usefulness of using religious and spiritual beliefs in patient care, most people involved in patient care refrain from doing so. This is while giving importance to the spiritual dimension during illness and illness, especially in centers that deal with human health, causes the pain and suffering of patients to subside and raise their level of health; In addition, spiritual attention also plays an important role in the awareness of the human soul and provides a suitable ground for getting close to God and human evolution.
Conclusion: Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of explaining the concept of spirituality in the field of healthcare services and investigating various solutions for its application in this field, so that the necessary recommendations and training can be provided to people related to healthcare professions.

Objective: The impact of learning disabilities, struggles with life changes, and difficulties in communicating one's needs has been documented in a wide range of health and social care evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on sleep disorder and quality of life in mothers of children with learning disabilities.

Materials and Methods: The research approach is a quasi-experimental one, specifically a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population consisted of all mothers with at least one child with learning disabilities who sought services at the Learning Disability Centers at District 2 of Tehran in the year 2023. A purposive sampling approach was employed, selecting 30 participants based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. These participants were then randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. To gather data, the following instruments were used: Individual Clinical Characteristics Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze quantitative data using the SPSS statistical software, version 26.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that after controlling for the effect of the pre-test scores, the difference in the pre-test-post-test scores between the two groups for the variables of sleep quality and quality of life was statistically significant. Additionally, the mean scores of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group on the sleep quality and quality of life variables were also significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is effective in improving sleep disorder and quality of life in mothers of children with learning disabilities.

Objective: University students are particularly vulnerable to emotional distress, especially during times of academic pressure, relationship challenges, or personal loss. Emotional failure can lead to negative emotional states, such as anger, resentment, and bitterness, which can hinder personal growth and interpersonal relationships. This study investigated the effectiveness of interpersonal analysis group therapy, schema therapy, and emotionally focused therapy on interpersonal forgiveness among university students experiencing emotional failure.

Materials and Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group design. A convenience sample of 60 participants was randomly assigned to one of four groups: transactional analysis therapy, schema therapy, emotionally focused therapy, or a control group. The Interpersonal Forgiveness Measurement Questionnaire (IFMQ) was administered to collect pre- and post-intervention data. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22, employing analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

Results: The findings revealed that transactional analysis therapy, schema therapy, and emotionally focused therapy significantly enhanced interpersonal forgiveness in university students experiencing emotional failure compared to the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were observed among the effects of these three therapeutic interventions on interpersonal forgiveness in this population.

Conclusion: The study found that transactional analysis therapy, schema therapy, and emotionally focused therapy were all effective in increasing interpersonal forgiveness among university students who had experienced emotional failure. This suggests that psychotherapists can choose any of these therapies based on the individual needs of their clients.

Objective: MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique with high accuracy for detecting the appearance features of endometriosis, including rectal endometriosis. The degree of muscle involvement is also an important factor in determining the degree and progression of rectal endometriosis, which is based on the results of histopathology. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of muscle involvement and the appearance features of rectal endometriosis in patients referred to the Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center in 2021 to 2023; so that by determining the relationship between the appearance features of endometriosis and the degree of involvement of the rectal muscle, we can predict the degree of muscle involvement and the progression of endometriosis using MRI as a non-invasive method compared to histopathology

Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 144 patients with rectal endometriosis who referred to Imam Hossein Hospital between 2021 and 2023. In this study, patients who underwent MRI before surgery or histopathology of rectal endometriosis were included. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 software and logistic regression test.

Results: The results of two-level logistic regression analysis show that there is a significant relationship between the variable of muscle involvement and the length and number of rectal endometriosis (P-value <0.05). So that for each unit increase in length, the chance of muscle involvement increases by a factor of 1.03 and for each unit increase in the number of involved nodules, the chance of muscle involvement increases by a factor of 4.65. The results also show that there is no significant relationship between the variable of muscle involvement and the thickness of rectal endometriosis (P-value >0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the two-level logistic regression test, it can be understood that the length and number of rectal endometriosis nodules have a positive effect on muscle involvement and increase the chance of muscle involvement. While the thickness of rectal endometriosis has almost no effect on muscle involvement.