Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Allium saralicum and Allium longisepalum leaves extracts as medicinal plants in Iran
Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences,
Vol. 26 No. 1 (2021),
30 October 2021
,
Page e1
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in medicinal plants, due to their content of health-promoting compounds, e.g., phenolics. Hence, this study aims to estimate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Soraneh (Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch) and Pichkeh (Allium longisepalum) extracts as a Iranian medicinal plants. The study was done by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antibacterial effects of the herbal extracts were determined. According to results, the highest total phenolic content (1.187±0.012mgGAE/g) was obtained in aqueous extract of Pichkeh. The highest total flavonoid content (1.193±0.004mgRE/g) and the antioxidant activity (5.93±0.07%) were found for hydroalcoholic extract of Soraneh and Pichkeh, respectively. In disk-diffusion test, for two extracts, the highest and lowest antibacterial effect was observed for L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, respectively. Soraneh extract had the highest and the lowest antibacterial effect on L.monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa, respectively. In the well-diffusion method, Pichkeh extract had the highest antibacterial effect on S.aureus. For the Soraneh extract, the highest effect was related to B. cereus, and there was also no detectable colony of S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and S. enterica. The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that Soraneh and Pichkeh leaves possess high phenolic, flavonoid contents and potential antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and could be used as a viable source of bioactive compounds and might be exploited for functional foods and neutraceutical applications.
Keywords:
- Antioxidant;A. longisepalum; A.saralicum; Flavonoid; Phenol; Antibacterial
How to Cite
Choobkar, N. ., Aghajani, . A. ., Kakoolaki, S., Amini Geram, P. ., & Rezaeemanesh, M. (2021). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Allium saralicum and Allium longisepalum leaves extracts as medicinal plants in Iran. Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences, 26(1), e1. Retrieved from https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/index.php/rbms/article/view/36586
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2. Alu’datt, M.H., Rababah, T., Alhamad, L.M., Al-Ghzawi, L.A.A., Ereifej, K., Gammoh, S., Almajwal, A., Hussein, M.N., & Raweshadeh, M. (2017). Optimization, characterization and biological properties of phenolic compounds extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis. J. Essent. Oil Res, 29, 375–384,
doi:10.1080/10412905.2017.1331868.
3. Azizian-Shermeh, O., Einali, A., & Ghasemi, A. (2017). Rapid biologically one-step synthesis of stable bioactive silver nanoparticles using Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) leaf extract and their antimicrobial activities. Advanced Powder Technology, 28(12), 3164-3171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.10.001.
4. Bektas, T., Dimitra, D., Atalay, S., Munevver, S., & Moschos, P. (2005). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activites of essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller. Food Chemistry, 90, 333-340. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.09.013.
5. Berger, R.G. (2009). Biotechnology of flavours—the next generation. Biotechnology letters,31(11), 1651. doi: 10.1007/s10529-009-0083-5.
6. Bristone, C., Badau, M. H., Igwebuike, J. U., & Igwegbe, A. O. (2015). Production and evaluation of yoghurt from mixtures of cow milk, milk extract from soybean and tiger nut. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 10(2), 159-169.doi:10.12691/ajfn-6-4-4.
7. Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., & Corke, H. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci.74, 2157–2184. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047.
8. Candan,F.,Unlu,M.,Tepe,B.,Daferera,D., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A., & Akpulat, H.A. (2003). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp.millefolium Afan.(Asteraceae).Journal of ethnopharmacology, 87(2-3),215-220.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00149-1.
9. Chatchawan, C., Soottawat, B., Jakul, H., & Nattiga, S. (2008). Antioxidant components and properties of five long-grained rice bran extracts from commercial available cultivars in Thailands. Food Chem, 111(3), 636-641. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.031
10. Chen, J. C., Huang, L. J., Wu, S. L., Kuo, S. C., Ho, T. Y., & Hsiang, C. Y. (2007). Ginger and its bioactive component inhibit enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin-induced diarrhea in mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 55(21), 8390-8397. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071460f.
11. Chotimarkorn, C., Benjakul, S., & Silalai, N. (2008). Antioxidant components and properties of five long-grained rice bran extracts from commercial available cultivars in Thailand. Food Chemistry, 111(3), 636-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.031.
12. Crocoll, C., Degenhardt, J. & Gershenzon, J.(2010). The Route to Thymol and Carvacrol Formation: CYP71D178-D182 from Oregano, Thyme and Marjoram. In 10th International Symposium on Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
13. Cui, H., Gabriel, A. A., & Nakano, H. (2010). Antimicrobial efficacies of plant extracts and sodium nitrite against Clostridium botulinum. Food Control, 21(7), 1030-1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.12.023.
14. De Smet, P.A.G.M. (2004). Health risks of herbal remedies: an update, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 76, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2004.03.005.
15. Dias, D.A., Urban, S. & Roessner, U. (2012). A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery, Metabolites, 2, 303–336. doi:10.3390/metabo2020303.
16. Djeridane, A., Yousfi, M., Nadjemi, B., Boutassouna, D., Stocker, P., & Vidal, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity of some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chemistry, 97, 654–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.028.
17. Do Thi, N., & Hwang, E. S. (2014). Bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity in Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) leaves collected at different growth stages. Preventive nutrition and food science, 19(3), 204. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.204.
18. Falleh, H., Ksouri, R., Lucchessi, M. E., Abdelly, C., & Magné, C. (2012). Ultrasound-assisted extraction: Effect of extraction time and solvent power on the levels of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Mesembryanthemum edule L. Aizoaceae shoots. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11(2), 243-249. doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i2.10
19. Guinoiseau, E., Luciani, A., Rossi, P. G., Quilichini, Y., Ternengo, S., Bradesi, P., & Berti, L. (2010). Cellular effects induced by Inula graveolens and Santolina corsica essential oils on Staphylococcus aureus. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases, 29(7), 873-879. doi: 10.1007/s10096-010-0943-x.
20. Huang D., Ou B., Prior R.L., The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 1841-1856. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030723c.
21. Jacques, R. A., dos Santos Freitas, L., Pérez, V. F., Dariva, C., de Oliveira, A. P., de Oliveira, J. V., & Caramao, E. B. (2007). The use of ultrasound in the extraction of Ilex paraguariensis leaves: A comparison with maceration. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 14(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.11.007.
22. Kasparavičienė, G., Ramanauskienė, K., Savickas, A., Velzienė, S., Kalvėnienė, Z., Kazlauskienė, D., & Ivanauskas, K. (2013). Evaluation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different Rosmarinus officinalis L. ethanolic extracts. Biologija, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v59i1.2650.
23. Kaur, S., Kaur, H. P., & Aggarwal, S. (2015). Evaluation of antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential and phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4, 1032-1042.
24. Keskin, D., & Toroglu, S. (2011). Studies on antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different spices. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32(2), 251-256.
25. Lotito, S. B., & Frei, B. (2004). The increase in human plasma antioxidant capacity after apple consumption is due to the metabolic effect of fructose on urate, not apple-derived antioxidant flavonoids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 37(2), 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.019.
26. Mathew, S., & Abraham, T. E. (2006). In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(2), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.013.
27. McDonald, S., Prenzler, P. D., Antolovich, M., & Robards, K. (2001). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food chemistry, 73(1),73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00288-0.
28. Nelson, C., & Regiland, A. (2007). Antimicrobial properties of extracts of Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale (ginger) on Escherchia coli, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. Int J Trop Med, 3(2), 1540-470. doi:10.5580/1f5e.
29. Nirmal, S. A., Patel, A. P., Bhawar, S. B., & Pattan, S. R. (2012). Antihistaminic and antiallergic actions of extracts of Solanum nigrum berries: possible role in the treatment of asthma. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 142(1), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.019.
30. Parekh,J., Karathia, N., & Chanda, S. (2006). Screening of some traditionally used medicinal plants for potential antibacterial activity.Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 68, 832–834. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.31031.
31. Peterson, D. M., Emmons, C. L., & Hibbs, A. H. (2001). Phenolic antioxidants and antioxidant activity in pearling fractions of oat groats. Journal of Cereal Science, 33(1), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.2000.0347
32. Prakash, B., Kedia, A., Mishra, P.K., & Dubey, N.K. (2015). Plant essential oils as food preservatives to control moulds, mycotoxin contamination and oxidative deterioration of agri-food commodities–Potentials and challenges. Food Control, 47, 381-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.023.
33. Rizwana, H., Al Hazzani, A. A., Shehata, A. I., & Moubayed, N. M. (2012). Antibacterial potential of Withania somnifera L. against human pathogenic bacteria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(22), 4810-4815. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.660.
34. Ru, W., Pang, Y., Gan, Y., Liu, Q., & Bao, J. (2019). Phenolic compounds and antioxidative activities of potato cultivars with white, yellow, red and purple flesh. Antioxidants, 9, 419. doi:10.3390/antiox8100419.
35. Sakanaka, S., Tachibana, Y., & Okada,Y. (2005). Preparation and antioxidant properties of extracts of Japanese persimmon leaf tea (kakinoha-cha). Food Chem, 89, 569–575. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.013.
36. Shan, B., Cai, Y. Z., Brooks, J. D., & Corke, H. (2009). Antibacterial and antioxidant effects of five spice and herb extracts as natural preservatives of raw pork. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(11), 1879-1885. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3667.
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