Occult Hepatitis B infection (OBI) in vaccinated groups, a metanalysis
Archives of Medical Laboratory Sciences,
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2015),
12 October 2015
https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v1i2.10296
Abstract
Nowadays, the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg; occult hepatitis B infection; (OBI), is a known clinical entity along with the rapid influx of research being conducted on its clinical relevance. Biologists and clinicians alike have a recent-standing interest in this regards. OBI has been described in several clinical settings. However, the data on its prevalence among immunized and non-immunized healthy general population, in particular, among health care workers (HCWs) is ambigous. This review attemps to explore the significance of OBI in vaccinated groups as a special subject. The prevalence of OBI among general population, vaccinated children/general population and health care workers were: 157 (5.2%), 222 (6.7%) and 33 (1.8%), respectively. The prevalence of anti-HBc among OBI-positive subjects were: 64 (40.7%), 133 (82.7%) and 27 (81.8%), respectively. OBI is partly prevalent in general population and in vaccinated individuals, especially in those who born to HBsAg positive mothers. HBV serological surveys are not enough adequate and sensitive to rule out the presence of HBV DNA. For high-risk groups (subjects born to HBsAg mothers, health care workers, isolated anti-HBc, etc) sensitive molecular tests based on real time PCR should be applied for a proper diagnosis.
- occult hepatitis B infection
- general population
- Health care workers
- HBV vaccine
How to Cite
References
Cacciola I, Pollicino T, Squadrito G, Cerenzia G, Villari D, de Franchis R, et al. Quantification of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in patients with chronic HBV infection. Hepatology. 2000;31(2):507-12.
Rodriguez-Inigo E, Mariscal L, Bartolome J, Castillo I, Navacerrada C, Ortiz-Movilla N, et al. Distribution of hepatitis B virus in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients with occult hepatitis B virus infection. J Med Virol. 2003;70(4):571-80.
Hollinger FB, Sood G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection: a covert operation. Journal of viral hepatitis. 2010;17(1):1-15.
Brechot C, Thiers V, Kremsdorf D, Nalpas B, Pol S, Paterlini-Brechot P. Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen: clinically significant or purely "occult"? Hepatology. 2001;34(1):194-203.
Chazouilleres O, Mamish D, Kim M, Carey K, Ferrell L, Roberts JP, et al. "Occult" hepatitis B virus as source of infection in liver transplant recipients. Lancet. 1994;343(8890):142-6.
Raimondo G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection and liver disease: fact or fiction? J Hepatol. 2001;34(3):471-3.
Torbenson M, Thomas DL. Occult hepatitis B. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2(8):479-86.
Uemoto S, Sugiyama K, Marusawa H, Inomata Y, Asonuma K, Egawa H, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B virus from hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in living related liver transplants. Transplantation. 1998;65(4):494-9.
Chemin I, Jeantet D, Kay A, Trepo C. Role of silent hepatitis B virus in chronic hepatitis B surface antigen(-) liver disease. Antiviral Res. 2001;52(2):117-23.
Shiota G, Oyama K, Udagawa A, Tanaka K, Nomi T, Kitamura A, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HBs antigen-negative hepatocellular carcinoma in a Japanese population: involvement of HBx and p53. J Med Virol. 2000;62(2):151-8.
Thiers V, Nakajima E, Kremsdorf D, Mack D, Schellekens H, Driss F, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B from hepatitis-B-seronegative subjects. Lancet. 1988;2(8623):1273-6.
Hollinger FB, Habibollahi P, Daneshmand A, Alavian SM. Occult Hepatitis B Infection in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Current Concepts and Strategy. Hepat Mon. 2010;10(3):199-204.
Fabris P, Brown D, Tositti G, Bozzola L, Giordani MT, Bevilacqua P, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection does not affect liver histology or response to therapy with interferon alpha and ribavirin in intravenous drug users with chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Virol. 2004;29(3):160-6.
Fang Y, Shang QL, Liu JY, Li D, Xu WZ, Teng X, et al. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among hepatopathy patients and healthy people in China. J Infect. 2009;58(5):383-8.
Kim SM, Lee KS, Park CJ, Lee JY, Kim KH, Park JY, et al. Prevalence of occult HBV infection among subjects with normal serum ALT levels in Korea. J Infect. 2007;54(2):185-91.
Kim YS, Jang JY, Eun SH, Cheon YK, Moon JH, Cho YD, et al. [Detection of Intrahepatic HBV DNA in HBsAg-negative liver diseases]. Korean J Hepatol. 2006;12(2):201-8.
Minuk GY, Sun DF, Uhanova J, Zhang M, Caouette S, Nicolle LE, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a North American community-based population. J Hepatol. 2005;42(4):480-5.
Raimondo G, Navarra G, Mondello S, Costantino L, Colloredo G, Cucinotta E, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus in liver tissue of individuals without hepatic disease. J Hepatol. 2008;48(5):743-6.
Minuk GY, Kowalec K, Caouette S, Larke B, Osiowy C. The prevalence and long term outcome of occult hepatitis B virus infections in community based populations. J Med Virol. 2012;84(9):1369-75.
Hwang JP, Mohseni M, Gor BJ, Wen S, Guerrero H, Vierling JM. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C prevalence and treatment referral among Asian Americans undergoing community-based hepatitis screening. American journal of public health. 2010;100 Suppl 1:S118-24.
Kwon CI, Hwang SG, Shin SJ, Chang SW, Kim SY, Ko KH, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant woman and its clinical implication. Liver Int. 2008;28(5):667-74.
Meschi S, Schepisi MS, Nicastri E, Bevilacqua N, Castilletti C, Sciarrone MR, et al. The prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 and hepatitis B virus in patients in two hospitals in Tanzania. J Med Virol. 2010;82(9):1569-75.
Utsumi T, Yano Y, Lusida MI, Amin M, Soetjipto, Hotta H, et al. Serologic and molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus among school children in East Java, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(1):189-93.
Mu SC, Lin YM, Jow GM, Chen BF. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in hepatitis B vaccinated children in Taiwan. J Hepatol. 2009;50(2):264-72.
Xu L, Wei Y, Chen T, Lu J, Zhu CL, Ni Z, et al. Occult HBV infection in anti-HBs-positive young adults after neonatal HB vaccination. Vaccine. 2010;28(37):5986-92.
Chakvetadze C, Roussin C, Roux J, Mallet V, Petinelli ME, Pol S. Efficacy of hepatitis B sero-vaccination in newborns of African HBsAg positive mothers. Vaccine. 2011.
Shahmoradi S, Yahyapour Y, Mahmoodi M, Alavian SM, Fazeli Z, Jazayeri SM. High prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in children born to HBsAg-positive mothers despite prophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccination and HBIG. J Hepatol. 2012;57(3):515-21.
Pande C, Sarin SK, Patra S, Kumar A, Mishra S, Srivastava S, et al. Hepatitis B vaccination with or without hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth to babies born of HBsAg-positive mothers prevents overt HBV transmission but may not prevent occult HBV infection in babies: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of viral hepatitis. 2013;20(11):801-10.
Shahmoradi YY, Mahmoodi M, SM Alavian, Z Fazeli, SM Jazayeri. High prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in children born to HBsAg-positive mothers who were non-respondent to hepatitis B vaccination and HBIG. in press. 2011.
Pereira JS, Goncales NS, Silva C, Lazarini MS, Pavan MH, Fais VC, et al. HBV vaccination of HCV-infected patients with occult HBV infection and anti-HBc-positive blood donors. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica [et al]. 2006;39(4):525-31.
Pruss-Ustun A, Rapiti E, Hutin Y. Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health-care workers. Am J Ind Med. 2005;48(6):482-90.
Shiao J, Guo L, McLaws ML. Estimation of the risk of bloodborne pathogens to health care workers after a needlestick injury in Taiwan. Am J Infect Control. 2002;30(1):15-20.
Yen YH, Chen CH, Wang JH, Lee CM, Changchien CS, Lu SN. Study of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine non-responsiveness among health care workers from an endemic area (Taiwan). Liver Int. 2005;25(6):1162-8.
Sukriti, Pati NT, Sethi A, Agrawal K, Kumar GT, Kumar M, et al. Low levels of awareness, vaccine coverage, and the need for boosters among health care workers in tertiary care hospitals in India. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2008;23(11):1710-5.
Chiarakul S, Eunumjitkul K, Vorapimol AR, Kaewkungwal J, Chimparlee N, Poovorawan Y. Response of health care workers with isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen to hepatitis B vaccine. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 2011;42(4):831-8.
Shim J, Kim KY, Kim BH, Chun H, Lee MS, Hwangbo Y, et al. Anti-hepatitis B core antibody is not required for prevaccination screening in healthcare workers. Vaccine. 2011;29(8):1721-6.
Slusarczyk J, Malkowski P, Bobilewicz D, Juszczyk G. Cross-sectional, anonymous screening for asymptomatic HCV infection, immunity to HBV, and occult HBV infection among health care workers in Warsaw, Poland. Przeglad epidemiologiczny. 2012;66(3):445-51.
Pollicino T, Squadrito G, Cerenzia G, Cacciola I, Raffa G, Craxi A, et al. Hepatitis B virus maintains its pro-oncogenic properties in the case of occult HBV infection. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(1):102-10.
Alavian SM, Miri SM, Hollinger FB, Jazayeri SM. Occult Hepatitis B (OBH) in Clinical Settings. Hepat Mon. 2012;12(8):e6126.
Chen CH, Changchien CS, Lee CM, Tung WC, Hung CH, Hu TH, et al. A study on sequence variations in pre-S/surface, X and enhancer II/core promoter/precore regions of occult hepatitis B virus in non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Taiwan. Int J Cancer. 2009;125(3):621-9.
Ikeda K, Marusawa H, Osaki Y, Nakamura T, Kitajima N, Yamashita Y, et al. Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and risk for hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(9):649-56.
Cacciola I, Pollicino T, Squadrito G, Cerenzia G, Orlando ME, Raimondo G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C liver disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(1):22-6.
Cortelezzi A, Vigano M, Zilioli VR, Fantini NN, Pasquini MC, Deliliers GL, et al. Adefovir added to lamivudine for hepatitis B recurrent infection in refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia on prolonged therapy with Campath-1H. J Clin Virol. 2006;35(4):467-9.
Hu KQ. Occult hepatitis B virus infection and its clinical implications. Journal of viral hepatitis. 2002;9(4):243-57.
Chen MH, Hsiao LT, Chiou TJ, Liu JH, Gau JP, Teng HW, et al. High prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2008;87(6):475-80.
Ferraro D, Pizzillo P, Di Marco V, Vultaggio A, Iannitto E, Venezia G, et al. Evaluating the risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients with haematological malignancies: is the serum hepatitis B virus profile reliable? Liver Int. 2009;29(8):1171-7.
Fukushima N, Mizuta T, Tanaka M, Yokoo M, Ide M, Hisatomi T, et al. Retrospective and prospective studies of hepatitis B virus reactivation in malignant lymphoma with occult HBV carrier. Ann Oncol. 2009;20(12):2013-7.
Hui CK, Cheung WW, Zhang HY, Au WY, Yueng YH, Leung AY, et al. Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(1):59-68.
Cheung WI, Chan HL, Leung VK, Tse CH, Fung K, Lin SY, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with persistently negative HBsAg on three HBsAg assays in a lymphoma patient undergoing chemotherapy. J Clin Virol. 2010;47(2):193-5.
Song EY, Yun YM, Park MH, Seo DH. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in a general adult population in Korea. Intervirology. 2009;52(2):57-62.
- Abstract Viewed: 367 times
- PDF Downloaded: 308 times