Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire in Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain
Advances in Nursing & Midwifery,
Vol. 28 No. 3 (2019),
5 July 2019
,
Page 35-39
https://doi.org/10.22037/anm.v28i3.24990
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic pain which is a pain that remains or repeats for more than 3 to 6 months affects one in every 10 people in the world. Rising direct and indirect costs of chronic pain show the importance of researches which help to find better ways of pain management. Testing the validity and reliability of pain measurement tools in different populations can help this kind of researches. The chronic pain grade questionnaire is devised by Vonkorff and his colleagues. This seven-item instrument gives a score which empowers chronic pain patients to be characterized into one of four hierarchical categories according to pain severity or interference. The goal of this research was to test the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the chronic pain grade questionnaire. Methods: As a cross-sectional study after downloading the questionnaire from the internet and translating from English to Persian by researchers and backward translation by a native researcher, it was answered by 204 patients with musculoskeletal pain. These patients were referred to the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic in Modarres Hospital and were registered using convenience sampling method. Patients were aged between 18 and 87; suffering from musculoskeletal pain (including primary and secondary pains) for at least the last 6 months. Fifty patients were reevaluated after two weeks. Results: As a result of testing reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.89 and the Guttman split-half coefficient was around 0.82 and Test re-test coefficient using Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.89. Only a single component was extracted for the questionnaire, as a result of factor analysis. This component defines 59.8% of the variance. Conclusions: In summary, construct validity and reliability of the Persian version of the chronic pain grade questionnaire are approved, therefore it would be applicable to people with musculoskeletal pain in the Iranian population.- Chronic Pain
- Musculoskeletal Pain Iran
How to Cite
References
Merskey HE. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Pain. 1986.
Jackson T, Thomas S, Stabile V, Shotwell M, Han X, McQueen K. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Global Burden of Chronic Pain Without Clear Etiology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Trends in Heterogeneous Data and a Proposal for New Assessment Methods. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(3):739-48. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001389 pmid: 27537761
Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain. 2015;156(6):1003-7. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160 pmid: 25844555
Jackson T, Stabile V, McQueen K. The global burden of chronic pain. ASA Newsletter. 2014;78(6):24-7.
Mohammadzadeh F, Faghihzadeh S, Baghestani A, Asadi Lari M, Vaez Mahdavi M, Arab Kheradmand J, et al. Epidemiology of chronic pain in Tehran small area estimation of its prevalence in Tehran neighborhoods by Bayesian approach (Urban HEART-2 study). Iranian J Epidemiol. 2013;9(1):19-31.
Melzack R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain. 1975;1(3):277-99. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(75)90044-5 pmid: 1235985
Khosravi M, Sadighi S, Moradi S, Zendehdel K. Persian-McGill pain questionnaire; translation, adaptation and reliability in cancer patients: a brief report. Tehran Univ Med J. 2013;71(1).
Kerns RD, Turk DC, Rudy TE. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain. 1985;23(4):345-56. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(85)90004-1 pmid: 4088697
Mirzamani S, Safari A, Holisaz M, Sadidi A. Validation of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI) for Iranian Patients with Chronic Pain. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2007;1(3):13-25.
Cleeland C, Ryan K. Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Singapore: Academy of Medicine; 1994.
Vakilzadeh P, Nakhaee N. The reliability and validity of the Persian version of the brief pain inventory in cancer patients. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2006;5(4):253-8.
Von Korff M, Ormel J, Keefe FJ, Dworkin SF. Grading the severity of chronic pain. Pain. 1992;50(2):133-49. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90154-4 pmid: 1408309
Smith BH, Penny KI, Purves AM, Munro C, Wilson B, Grimshaw J, et al. The Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire: validation and reliability in postal research. Pain. 1997;71(2):141-7. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(97)03347-2 pmid: 9211475
Salaffi F, Stancati A, Grassi W. Reliability and validity of the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25(5):619-31. doi: 10.1007/s10067-005-0140-y pmid: 16421646
Klasen BW, Hallner D, Schaub C, Willburger R, Hasenbring M. Validation and reliability of the German version of the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire in primary care back pain patients. Psychosoc Med. 2004;1:Doc07. pmid: 19742049
Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney J. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. USA: Oxford University Press; 2015.
Cortina JM. What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. J Appl Psychol. 1993;78(1):98-104. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
- Abstract Viewed: 610 times
- PDF Downloaded: 453 times