Comprehensive Toxicity Assessment of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke: Acute and Subacute Oral Exposure in Wistar Rats “Toxicity Assessment of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke in Wistar Rats"
International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine,
Vol. 16 (2026),
1 Dey 2026
,
Page 1-10
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijmtfm.v16.52808
Abstract
Background: Coconut shells are abundant lignocellulosic by-products in Indonesia and, through pyrolysis and sequential purification, can be converted into grade 1 coconut shell liquid smoke. They contain phenolic and other oxygenated compounds associated with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, its toxicological profile must be established before its use. This study evaluated the acute and 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity of grade 1 coconut shell liquid smoke in Wistar rats.
Methods: A preliminary acute test was conducted at 300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW (BW), followed by a main acute test at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg BW. For the repeated-dose study, rats received 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg BW once daily for 28 days, while satellite groups were observed for an additional 14-day recovery period. Clinical signs, mortality, BW, relative organ weights, hematological and biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes were assessed.
Results: No mortality occurred during the preliminary acute test. In the main acute and repeated-dose studies, mortality and tissue alterations were recorded at moderate-to-high doses.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that grade 1 coconut shell liquid smoke may produce systemic and organ-specific toxicity only at higher exposure levels. However, further dose-response studies are required before a definitive safe exposure level can be established.
- Acute toxicity, Coconut shell, Liquid smoke, Oral toxicity, Subacute toxicity, Wistar rats
How to Cite
References
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