Sex Estimation from Patellar Anthropometric Parameters: An MRI-Based Study in Iranians
International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine,
Vol. 16 (2026),
1 January 2026
,
Page 1-6
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijmtfm.v16.52770
Abstract
Background: Accurate sex estimation from skeletal remains is crucial in forensic anthropology, particularly when complete skeletons are unavailable. The patella is a dense sesamoid bone resistant to postmortem damage. Therefore, it offers potential for sex determination. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of patellar morphometric parameters for sex estimation in an Iranian population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian individuals aged over 18 years referred to our Hospital for knee MRI. Patellar height was measured on midsagittal slices, while width and thickness were assessed on axial slices showing maximum width. Measurements were performed using PACS software. Independent t-tests, ROC curve analysis, and classification statistics were used to determine discriminatory power.
Results: A total of 225 individuals (110 females and 115 males) were enrolled. The age range was 18–80 years, with a mean age of 45.82 ± 14.83 years. All three measurements were different between men and women, and the differences were statistically significant. Men had larger patellae. Height was the most accurate predictor; it correctly identified sex about 88% of the time. Width was correct about 80% of the time, while thickness was correct in about 74%. The present study revealed that the diagnostic accuracy was excellent for height. It was good for width and fair for thickness.
Conclusion: This study indicates that Patellar measurements are useful for estimating sex in our population. This bone may be used as a substitute when other parts of the skeleton are not available.
- Forensic Anthropology
- Sex Determination Analysis
- Patella
- Anthropometry
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
How to Cite
References
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