A Comparative Study of STR Allele Frequencies in Javanese and Chinese Populations Using D5S818, D13S317, and D3S1358
International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine,
Vol. 16 (2026),
29 Dey 2025
,
Page 1-6
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijmtfm.v16.51526
Abstract
Background: The Javanese and Chinese ethnic groups are the most predominant in Indonesia. Saliva presents a major advantage over serum as it may be obtained non-invasively by persons with minimal training. However, there are 13 CODIS loci; hence, it requires more resources and time. This research utilized an observational comparative study design.
Methods: The CODIS system has been validated as an identifying tool in forensics. CODIS was developed to compare target DNA records with those in the database, utilizing software for identification matching.
Results: Saliva from 12 participants aged 17 to 21 was divided into two groups: Javanese and Chinese. Each group comprises six members. The saliva was analyzed using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) at three loci: D13S317, D5S818, and D3S1358. In comparison to the standard DNA K562, variations in base pairs were observed in bands between the Javanese and Chinese races at three loci: D5S818: Javanese alleles are 10, 11, 12; Chinese alleles are 11, 12, 13. D13S317: Javanese 9, 11; Chinese 9, 12. D3S1358: Javanese 16, 17; Chinese 16, 17, 18 Utilizing the three loci from saliva, we can distinguish between the Javanese and Chinese races for forensic identification.
Conclusion: This research successfully demonstrated that the analysis of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) alleles at three loci (D5S818, D13S317, and D3S1358) can distinguish between the Javanese and Chinese populations in Indonesia using saliva samples. Significant differences in allele frequencies were found between the two populations at all three loci, making this method effective for ethnic forensic identification. In addition, the use of saliva as a non-invasive biological sample demonstrates practical advantages in the forensic context, allowing for easier and faster sample collection compared to invasive methods.
- Saliva, STR Alleles, D5S818, D13S317, D3S1358
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References
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