Epidemiology of Acute Poisoning in Mazandaran Province, Iran
International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine,
Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020),
27 September 2020
,
Page 27632
https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i3.27632
Abstract
Background: Poisoning is a critical medical emergency worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients admitted to the poisoning department.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2015 to September 2016 (for 18 months). We explored the epidemiology of poisoned patients hospitalized at Razi and Imam hospitals in Mazandaran Province, Iran. The obtained results were described as the frequency of poisoning, percentages, confidence intervals (95% CI), and mean values. The standard deviation scores were also presented for quantitative variables. The Student t-test and Chi-squared test were used for data analysis.
Results: The prevalence rate of poisoning equaled 4.98% of the total hospitalized patients. Of 71192 of the investigated cases, 3544 patients were hospitalized for acute poisoning. In terms of poisoning type, 65.2% belonged to drug toxicity, (95% CI) (64.7-77.2); 6.7% were related to methadone; 5.7% to an agricultural pesticide; 4.15% to aluminum phosphide (rice tablets); 2.2% to rat poison paste, and the remaining cases were caused by other poisons. There was a gender-wise significant difference in the poisoning method (P<0.001). The mortality rate in this study was calculated as 1.71% of all cases. The most frequent causes of death were aluminum phosphide (33.33%) and narcotics (16.16%) poisonings.
Conclusion: Acute poisoning is a fundamental health problem in Mazandaran Province, i.e., located in the north of Iran. Pharmaceutical medications, opioid agents, and aluminum phosphide were the main means of poisoning in the investigated adult patients. Most cases of poisoning occurred in the young-adult groups. Aluminum phosphide and organophosphate agents consumption generated the most critical states and were the main causes of death. It is suggested that aluminum phosphate be recalled from the market, as appropriate training must be provided for its proper use.
- Poisoning
- Epidemiology
- Mortality
How to Cite
References
Hanssens Y, Deleu D, Taqi A. Etiologic and Demographic Characteristics of Poisoning: A Prospective Hospital-Based Study in Oman. Clinical Toxicology. 2001;39(4):371-80.
Moradi M, Ghasemi K, Mehrpour O. A hospital base epidemiology and pattern of acute adult poisoning across Iran: a systematic review. Electronic physician. 2016;8(9):2860-70.
Ahmadi AH, Pakravan N, Ghazizadeh Z. Pattern of acute food, drug, and chemical poisoning in sari city, northren Iran. Human and experimental toxicology. 2010;29(9):731-8.
Parka JH, Shina SD, Songa KJ, Parka CB, Rob YS, Kwaka YH. Epidemiology and outcomes of poisoning-induced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2012;83:51-7.
Rahmani AH, jafari M, Farnam M, Zafari J. Evaluation of epidemiologic of drug poisoning in the Ahavaz Razi hospital in the years of 2004-2008. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2016;21(1):43-6.
kavousi-gharbi S, Jalli R, Rasekhi-Kazerouni A, Habibaghi Z, Marashi S. Discernment scheme for paraquat poisoning: A five - year experience in shiraze, Iran. Word J Exp Med. 2017;7(1):31-9.
Jailkhani S, Naik J, Thakur M, langare S, Pandey V. retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. IJRTSAT. 2014;10(2):365-8.
Jalali A, Savri M, Dehdargahi S, Azarparah A. The pattern of poisoning in southwestern region of iran: Envenoming as the major cause. JJNPP. 2012;7(3):100-5.
Moharani B, Vijayakumari N. Profile of poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital, tamil nadu, India. JAPS. 2013;3(1):91-4.
Sandilands EA, Bateman DN. The epidemiology of poisoning. Medicine. 2015;44(2):76-9.
Huy H, Chou H, Lu W, Huang H, Yang C, Yen D, et al. Features and prognostic factors for elderly with acute poisoning in the emergency department. J chin Med Assoc. 2010;73(2):78-87.
Torkashvand F, Sheikh-fathollahi M, Shamsi S, Kamali M, Rezaeian M. Evaluating the pattern of acute poisoning in case referred to the emergency department of Ali-ebn Abi taleb hospital of rafsanjan from october 2013 to september 2014. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2015;14(4):311-24.
Rabiul H, Robed A, Ahmed-Riyadh H, Azizul K, Fazle-Rabbi C. Clinico-epidemiological study of poisoning in a teriary care hospital in bangladesh. Journal of emergency practice and truama. 2017;3(1):4-10.
Nikfar S, Khatibi M, Abdollahi-Asl, Abollahi M. Cost and utilization study of antidotes: An iranian experience. Int J Pharmacol. 2011;7:46-9.
Shakeri M, Afshari R, Aghajani H, Dinmohamadi E, Hadianfar A. Study geographical distribution of poisoning cases referred to the emergency department of Imam-reza hospital mashhad:2013. Med J Masad Uni Med Sci. 2016;59(3):171-8.
Manouchehrifar1 M, Derakhshandeh N, Shojaee M, Sabzghabaei1 A, Farnaghi F. An Epidemiologic Study of Pediatric Poisoning; a Six-month Cross-sectional Study. Emergency 2016;4(1):21-4.
Mehrpour O, Zamani N, Abdollahi M. A total of two systems: poisoning management in iran and united states. DARU. 2013;21(1):42-6.
Abd-elhaleem Z, All-mughem B. Pattern of acute poisoning in Al mqjmaah region, Saudi arabia. AJCEM 2014;2(4):79-85.
Hossain R, Amin R, Riyadh- Hossain A, Kahhar A, Rabbi -Chowdhury F. Clinico-Epidemiological study of poisoning in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh Journal of Emergency Practice and Trauma. 2017;3(1):4-10.
Moazzam M, Al-Saigul AM, Naguib M, Al Alfi MA. Pattern of acute poisoning in Al- Qassim region: a surveillance report from Saudi Arabia, 1999–2003. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2009;15(4):1005-10.
Ahmad M, Rahman F, Islam M. Death due to Poisoning - a Medicolegal Study at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Faridpur Med Coll J 2014;9(2):76-9.
Rahman M, Salad M, . An epidemiological study on acute poisoning in a rural hospital of Bangladesh. JOPSOM
;19(1):40-6.
Wang L, Yin T, Ruijie H, Zhongyu X, Jianzhong Z. Epidemiologic charachteristics of poisoning among hospitalized children in shanxi, a north chiness city during 2008-2013. In J Clin Exp Med 2017;10(5):8183-91.
Bari M, Chakraborty S, Alam M, Qayyum J, Hassan N, Chowdhury F. Four-Year Study on Acute Poisoning Cases Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh: Emerging Trend of Poisoning in Commuters. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2014;3:152-6.
Montazer S, Laali A, Khosravi N, Ahidahti H, Rahiminezhad M, Mohamadzadeh A. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features in patients poisoned with aluminum phosphide. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2016;26(137):188-95. (persian).
Verma V, Paul S, Chose A, Eddleston M, Konradsen F. treatment of self-poisoning at a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh: Cost to patients and government. Trop Med Int Health. 2017;e pub.
Afshari R, Majdzadeh R, Balai]Mood M. Pattern of Acute Poisonings in Mashhad, Iran 1993–2000. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology. 2004;42(7):965-75.
WHO. children and poisoning: world report on child injury prevention www.who.int/violence-injury- prevention/child/injury/world report2002 [
Moghadamnia AA, Abdollahi M. An epidemilogical study of poisoning in northern islamic republic of iran. Estern Mediteryanean Health Journal. 2002;8(1):88-94.
Chan T, Crithley J. Hospital admission due to acute poisoning in the new territories, Honkong. Southeast asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 1994;25:579-5.
Ahmadi A, Pakravan N, Ghazizadeh Z. Pattern of acute food, drug, and chemical poisoning in Sari City, Northern Iran. Human & experimental toxicology. 2010;29(9):731-8.
Nelson-juurlink D. The clinical epidemiology of poisoning in ontario. University of Toronto: Toronto; 2003.
Asiri U, AlArifi M, AlSultan M, Gubara O. Evaluation of Drug and Poison Information Center in Saudi Arabia during the period from 2000–2002. SMJ. 2007;28(4):617-9.
Al-Barraq A, Farahat F. Pattern and determinants of poisoning in a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2011;19:57-63.
Shahin Shadnia, Hadi Esmaily, Ghazal Sasanian, Abdolkarim Pajoumand, Hosein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Mohammad Abdollahi. Pattern of acute poisoning in Tehran-Iran in 2003. Human & experimental toxicology. 2007;26:753-6.
Singh S, Sharma B, Wahi P. Spectrum of acute poisoning
in adults (10 years experience). J Assoc Physicians India. 1984;32:561-3.
Feng C, Jun-ping W, Xiao-ping W, Qing-ming L, Cai-jing L, . Epidemiology and characteristics of acute poisoning treated at an emergency center. World J Emerg Med. 2010;1(2):154-6.
- Abstract Viewed: 496 times
- PDF Downloaded: 378 times