Gender Identification Based on the Parameters of the Sternum Bone in the Cadavers
International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine,
Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020),
19 February 2020
,
Page 26740
https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i1.26740
Abstract
Background: Identifying identity in the absence of large bones becomes more difficult and complicated; accordingly, it is highly beneficial to use the features of the sternum. The present study aimed to evaluate the dimensions of the sternum and its relation with gender in the Iranian population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 cadavers (100 men and 100 women). By performing an autopsy, the sternum bone was first cut in the midline using a vibrating saw, and the different dimensions were measured using a caliper.
Results: Among different dimensions related to the sternum, the mean length of manubrium, mesosternum, the largest width of manubrium, and the shortest width of manubrium were significantly higher in men compared to women. Regarding the value of each sternal diameter in discriminating male and female gender, the highest discriminative value was specified to the shortest width of manubrium (cutoff: 26.75, sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 84.0%), followed by the length of sternebrae 1 (cutoff: 8.45, sensitivity: 76.0%, specificity: 21.0%).
Conclusion: Measuring various indices of sternum bone, particularly the shortest width of the manubrium and the length of sternebrae 1, leads to gender identity accurately.
- Gender
- Sternum
- Cadavers
How to Cite
References
Ahmed AA. Estimation of sex from the upper limb measurements of Sudanese adults. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2013; 20(8):1041-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.031] [PMID]
Mohammad YA. Anthropometric characteristics of the hand based on laterality and sex among Jordanian. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2005; 35(8):747-54. [DOI:10.1016/j.ergon.2004.11.005]
Charisi D, Eliopoulos C, Vanna V, Koilias CG, Manolis SK. Sexual dimorphism of the arm bones in a modern Greek population. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2011; 56(1):10-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01538.x] [PMID]
Krishan K, Kanchan T, Asha N, Kaur S, Chatterjee PM, Singh B. Estimation of sex from index and ring finger in a North Indian population. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2013; 20(5):471-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.004] [PMID]
Kanchan T, Krishan K. Anthropometry of hand in sex determination of dismembered remains - A review of literature. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2011; 18(1):14-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2010.11.013] [PMID]
Khanpetch P, Prasitwattanseree S, Case DT, Mahakkanukrauh P. Determination of sex from the metacarpals in a Thai population. Forensic Science International. 2012; 217(1-3):229.e1-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.044] [PMID]
Zech W-D, Hatch G, Siegenthaler L, Thali MJ, Lösch S. Sex determination from os sacrum by postmortem CT. Forensic Science International. 2012; 221(1-3):39-43. [DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.022] [PMID]
Mostafa EM, El-Elemi AH, El-Beblawy MA, Dawood AE-WA. Adult sex identification using digital radiographs of the proximal epiphysis of the femur at Suez Canal University Hospital in Ismailia, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2012; 2(3):81-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejfs.2012.03.001]
Gharedaghi J, Kiani M, Khazali P, Ghoreishi M. Servey of sternum and its relation to sex, age and height dimensions of the Iranian population. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2005; 12(1):35-9.
Akhlaghi M, Bakhtavar KH, Allahyar Parsa V, Ali RN, Razavi Nouri A, Mehdizadeh F, M, Vasheghani Farahani M, et al. Sexing based on measurements of the femoral head parameters on pelvic radiographs. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2014; 23:70-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.01.004] [PMID]
Gonzalez PN, Bernal V, Perez SI. Geometric morphometric approach to sex estimation of human pelvis. Forensic Science International. 2009; 189(1-3):68-74. [DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.04.012] [PMID]
Hayashizaki Y, Usui A, Hosokai Y, Sakai J, Funayama M. Sex determination of the pelvis using fourier analysis of postmortem CT images. Forensic Science International. 2015; 246:122.e1-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.008] [PMID]
Asala SA. The efficiency of the demarking point of the femoral head as a sex determining parameter. Forensic Science International. 2002; 127(1-2):114-8. [DOI:10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00114-7]
Jowaheer V, Agnihotri AK. Sex identification on the basis of hand and foot measurements in Indo-Mauritian population-a model based approach. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2011; 18(4):173-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.02.007] [PMID]
Clavero A, Salicrú M, Turbón D. Sex prediction from the femur and hip bone using a sample of CT images from a Spanish population. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 2015; 129(2):373-83. [DOI:10.1007/s00414-014-1069-y] [PMID]
Yoshino M, Miyasaka S, Sato H, Seta S. Classification system of frontal sinus patterns by radiography. Its application to identification of unknown skeletal remains. Forensic Science International. 1987; 34(4):289-99. [DOI:10.1016/0379-0738(87)90041-7]
Torimitsu S, Makino Y, Saitoh H, Sakuma A, Ishii N, Inokuchi G, et al. Estimation of sex in Japanese cadavers based on sternal measurements using multidetector computed tomography. Legal Medicine. 2015; 17(4):226-31. [DOI:10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.01.003] [PMID]
Ekizoglu O, Hocaoglu E, Inci E, Bilgili MG, Solmaz D, Erdil I, et al. Sex estimation from sternal measurements using multidetector computed tomography. Medicine. 2014; 93(27):e240. [DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000000240] [PMID] [PMCID]
Franklin D, Cardini A, Flavel A, Kuliukas A. Estimation of sex from cranial measurements in a Western Australian population. Forensic Science International. 2013; 229(1-3):158.e1-. e8. [DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.005] [PMID]
Chandrakanth HV, Kanchan T, Krishan K. Osteometric analysis for sexing of modern sternum – An autopsy study from South India. Legal Medicine. 2014; 16(6):350-6.[DOI:10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.07.007] [PMID]
Macaluso PJ Jr, Lucena J. Estimation of sex from sternal dimensions derived from chest plate radiographs in contemporary Spaniards. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 2014 ; 128(2):389-95. [DOI:10.1007/s00414-013-0910-z] [PMID]
Yonguc GN, Kurtulus A, Bayazit O, Adiguzel E, Unal I, Demir S, et al Estimation of stature and sex from sternal lengths: An autopsy study. Anatomical Science International. 2015; 90(2):89-96. [DOI:10.1007/s12565-014-0235-0] [PMID]
Stewart JH, McCormick WF. The gender predictive value of sternal length. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 1983; 4(3):217-20. [DOI:10.1097/00000433-198309000-00007] [PMID]
Hunnargi SA, Menezes RG, Kanchan T, Lobo SW, Binu VS, Uysal S, et al. Sexual dimorphism of the human sternum in a Maharashtrian population of India: A morphometric analysis. Legal Medicine. 2008; 10(1):6-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.05.011] [PMID]
Ramadan SU, Turkmen N, Dolgun NA, Gokharman D, Menezes RG, Kacar M, et al. Sex determination from measurements of the sternum and fourth rib using multislice computed tomography of the chest. Forensic Science International. 2010; 15;197(1-3):120.e1-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.049] [PMID]
Singh J, Pathak RK, Chavali KH. Skeletal height estimation from regression analysis of sternal lengths in a Northwest Indian population of Chandigarh region: A postmortem study. Forensic Science International. 2011; 20;206(1-3):211.e1-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.08.023] [PMID]
Jit I, Jhingan V, Kulkarni M. Sexing the human sternum. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 1980; 53(2):217-24. [DOI:10.1002/ajpa.1330530206] [PMID]
Dahiphale VP, Baheete BH, Kamkhedkar SG. Sexing the human sternum in Marathwada Region. Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. 2002; 51(2):162-7.
- Abstract Viewed: 554 times
- PDF Downloaded: 683 times