The Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Child Sensory Profile-2 in Children with Cerebral Palsy Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of CSP-2 in Children with CP
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,
Vol. 19 No. 4 (2025),
15 Shahrivar 2025
,
Page 67-72
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v19i4.48092
Abstract
Objectives:
The focus on children with cerebral palsy (CP) has mostly been on its postural, balance, and movement constraints. However, another factor that affects children’s daily functioning the manifestation of sensory processing irregularities and disorders. A standard tool can provide in-depth insight into sensory processing in children with CP by appropriately addressing their sensory issues.
Materials & Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 143 children with CP participated to measure the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Child Sensory Profile-2 (CSP-2) in children with CP. Data were collected using the Persian version of CSP-2 (parent/caregiver form) and analyzed using SPSS-26 software.
Results:
The current study revealed that Persian version of CSP-2 has good divergent validity in children with CP (p<0.001) as children with CP showed significantly different sensory processing patterns compared to typically developing peers, with higher scores across most subscales including Sensitivity (r = –0.61), Avoiding (r = –0.33), Registration (r = –0.21), and Seeking (r = –0.42). Excellent internal consistency showed that all items are internally consistent and reliable (0.78≤α≤ 0.91). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) that was used to measure test-retest reliability also confirmed its test-retest reliability (0.84≤ICC≤0.96).
Conclusion:
The Persian version of the CSP-2 can efficiently differentiate sensory processing patterns, sensation, and behavioral areas between typically developing children and children with CP. The excellent internal consistency and reproducibility of results in test-retests indicate that the Persian version of the CSP-2 is a valid and reliable tool to assess sensory processing in children with CP.
- Child Sensory Profile 2 (CSP2)
- Reliability
- Validity
- Cerebral Palsy (CP)
- sensory function
How to Cite
References
Handsfield GG, Williams S, Khuu S, Lichtwark G, Stott NS. Muscle architecture, growth, and biological Remodelling in cerebral palsy: a narrative review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Mar;23(1):233.
Alwhaibi RM, Alsakhawi RS, ElKholi SM. Augmented Biofeedback Training with Physical Therapy Improves Visual-Motor Integration, Visual Perception, and Motor Coordination in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomised Control Trial. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2020;40(2):134–51.
Wimalasundera N, Stevenson VL. Cerebral palsy. Pract Neurol. 2016 Jun;16(3):184–94.
Erkek S, Çekmece Ç. Investigation of the Relationship between Sensory-Processing Skills and Motor Functions in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Child (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Oct;10(11).
James S, Ziviani J, Ware RS, Boyd RN. Relationships between activities of daily living, upper limb function, and visual perception in children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015 Sep;57(9):852–7.
Jovellar-Isiegas P, Resa Collados I, Jaén-Carrillo D, Roche-Seruendo LE, Cuesta García C. Sensory Processing, Functional Performance and Quality of Life in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Sep;17(19). Available from: doi:10.3390/ijerph17197116
Ostensjø S, Carlberg EB, Vøllestad NK. Motor impairments in young children with cerebral palsy: relationship to gross motor function and everyday activities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004 Sep;46(9):580–9.
Yardımcı-Lokmanoğlu BN, Bingöl H, Mutlu A. The forgotten sixth sense in cerebral palsy: do we have enough evidence for proprioceptive treatment? Disabil Rehabil [Internet]. 2020 Dec 3;42(25):3581–90. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1608321
KOZEIS N, ANOGEIANAKI A, MITOVA DT, ANOGIANAKIS G, MITOV T, FELEKIDIS A, et al. VISUAL FUNCTION AND EXECUTION OF MICROSACCADES RELATED TO READING SKILLS, IN CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILDREN. Int J Neurosci [Internet]. 2006 Jan 1;116(11):1347–58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450500514011
Brun C, Traverse É, Granger É, Mercier C. Somatosensory deficits and neural correlates in cerebral palsy: a scoping review. Dev Med Child Neurol [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1;63(12):1382–93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14963
Shahbazi M, Mirzakhany N, Alizadeh Zarei M, Zayeri F, Daryabor A. Translation and cultural adaptation of the Sensory Profile 2 to the Persian language. Br J Occup Ther [Internet]. 2021 Apr 22;84(12):794–805. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022621991768
Strauss ME, Smith GT. Construct validity: advances in theory and methodology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5:1–25.
Naghdi S, Ansari NN, Raji P, Shamili A, Amini M, Hasson S. Cross-cultural validation of the Persian version of the Functional Independence Measure for patients with stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2016;38(3):289–98.
Dhiman S, Goyal RK, Mahesan A, Ajmera P, Ganesh GS, Gulati S. Prevalence of Sensory Processing Deficits in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy - An Indian Caregiver’s Perspective. Indian J Pediatr. 2024 Nov;91(11):1177–80.
Ericson A, Bartonek Å, Tedroff K, Lidbeck C. Responses to Sensory Events in Daily Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy from a Parent Reported Perspective and in a Swedish Context. Child (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Jun;10(7).
Barakat MKA, Elmeniawy GH, Abdelazeim FH. Sensory systems processing in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Bull Fac Phys Ther [Internet]. 2021;26(1):27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-021-00044-w
Piitulainen H, Sukanen M, Finni T, Cenni F. Proprioceptive-perception threshold is impaired in cerebral palsy and is associated with worse balance performance. Gait Posture [Internet]. 2023;106:S165–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636223012195
Hosseini SA, Zeynalzadeh Ghoochani B, Talebian S, Pishyare E, Haghgoo HA, Mahmoodi Meymand R, et al. Investigating the Effects of Vestibular Stimulation on Balance Performance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. J Rehabil Sci Res [Internet]. 2015;2(2):41–6. Available from: https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_41073.html
Gaurav K, Kumar R, Kumar G, Gupta AK, Runu R, Singh A. Sensory processing issues in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study in tertiary care institute. Int J Contemp Pediatr [Internet]. 2023 Jul 27;10(8 SE-Original Research Articles):1253–7. Available from: https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/5556
Puts NAJ, Cascio CJ. Atypical Development of Tactile Processing BT - Somatosensory Research Methods. In: Holmes NP, editor. New York, NY: Springer US; 2023. p. 227–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3068-6_11
Ego A, Lidzba K, Brovedani P, Belmonti V, Gonzalez-Monge S, Boudia B, et al. Visual-perceptual impairment in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015 Apr;57 Suppl 2:46–51.
Buffone FRRC, Schochat E. Sensory profile of children with Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). CoDAS. 2022;34(1):e20190282.
Kim S, Jeong Y, Kim M, Ji S, Kim EY. Reliability and Validity of the Korean Child Sensory Profile-2. Am J Occup Ther Off Publ Am Occup Ther Assoc. 2022 Sep;76(5).
Dhiman S, Goyal RK, Ajmera P, Gulati S. Psychometric properties of Child Sensory Profle‑2 (CSP‑2) among children with spastic cerebral palsy. Eur J Pediatr. 2025 Jan;184(1):121.
Mirzakhani N, Rezaee M, Alizadeh Zarei M, Mahmoudi E, Rayegani SM, Shahbazi M, et al. Internal Consistency and Item Analysis of the Persian Version of the Child Sensory Profile 2 in Vulnerable Populations. Iran J Psychiatry. 2021 Jul;16(3):353–61.
Rani I, Agarwal V, Arya A, Mahour P. Sensory Processing in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord. 2023 Jan;27(2):145–51.
Estaki M , Dehghan A, Mahmoudi Kojidi E MN. sychometric Evaluation of the Child Sensory Profile 2 (CSP2) Among Children with Dyslexia. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci [Internet]. 2021;15(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.112573
- Abstract Viewed: 307 times