Risk factors of seizure in childhood shigellosis Seizure and shigellosis
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,
Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024),
12 March 2024
,
Page 43-53
Abstract
Objectives:
Shigellosis is one of the common causes of bacterial diarrhea in children. Seizures are common in shigellosis. It is essential to identify the risk factors of seizure in this disease.
Materials & Methods
This study was conducted on 224 children with shigellosis. The patients were divided into: With (case groups = 63 cases) and without seizures (control group = 161 cases). Groups were compared regarding different variables such as age, gender, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings. Data analysis was done using statistical tests and SPSS software. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of seizures.
Results
Out of 224 cases of children with shigellosis, 107 (47.8%) were male and 117 (52.2%) female. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, history of febrile convulsions, frequency of bloody diarrhea, frequency of fever, duration of diarrhea before hospitalization, abdominal pain, increase in BUN, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and red blood cell count in stool (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that a history of febrile seizure, fever, and hyponatremia are the risk factors for seizures in shigellosis
Conclusion
This study concluded that a history of febrile seizure, fever, and hyponatremia are risk factors for seizure in childhood shigellosis, thus rapid diagnosis and treatment of childhood shigellosis with risk factors is very important
- Children, Seizure, Shigellosis
How to Cite
References
Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM. Shigellosis. Lancet. 2018, 24;391:801-812.
Seed PC. Shigella In: Kliegman RM, Blum NJ,Shah SS, St Geme III JV,Tasker RC,Wilson KM.Nelson Textbook of pediatrics, 21thed, 2020, Phila, Elsevier:1508-1511.
Shad AA, Shad WA. Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance.Arch Microbiol. 2021 ;203:45-58.
Wasif A Khan W, Jeffrey K Griffiths JK, Bennish ML Gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations of childhood shigellosis in a region where all four species of Shigella are endemic. PLoS One 2013 و 17;8:e64097.
Afroze F, Ahmed T, Sarmin M, Shahid A S, Shahunja KM, Shahrin L etal.Risk factors and outcome of Shigella encephalopathy in Bangladeshi children, PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2017, 28;11(4):e0005561.
Ashkenazi S, Cleary KR, Pickering LK, Murray BE, Cleary TG. The association of Shiga toxin and other cytotoxins with the neurologic manifestations of shigellosis.J Infect Dis. 1990;161:961-5.
BMI z-score -for-age. WHO Child Growth Standards.2007
Seçmeer G, Kanra G, Ceyhan M, Anlar FY, Yel L. Convulsions in childhood Shigella gastroenteritis. An evaluation of risk factors. Mikrobiyol Bul .1990 ;24(4):352-6.
Chisti MJ, Faruque AS, Khan WA, Das SK, Zabed MB,etal.Characteristics of children with Shigella encephalopathy: experience from a large urban diarrhea treatment center in Bangladesh.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 ;29:444-7.
ShamsizadehA, Nikfar R, Bavarsadian E. Neurological manifestations of shigellosis in children in southwestern Iran. . Pediatr Int 2012 ;54(1):127-30.
Ibrahim AF, Glass K, Williamson DA, Polkinghorne BG, Ingle DJ, Wright R, etal. The changing epidemiology of shigellosis in Australia, 2001-2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 1;17:e0010450.
Vubil D, Acácio S, Quintò L, Ballesté-Delpierre C, Nhampossa T, Kotloff K,etal.Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in children less than 5 years in Manhiça District, rural Mozambique.Infect Drug Resist. 2018 ,t 31;11:2095-2106.
Shah MV, Olowoyo O, Chandna S, Gurland I. Shigellosis is presenting as meningism.Cureus. 2021 27;13:e14707.
Hiranrattana A, Mekmullica J, Chatsuwan T, Pancharoen C, Thisyakorn U. Childhood shigellosis at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand: a 5-year review (1996-2000).
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 ;36:683-5.
Yuhas Y, Weizman A, Vanichkin A, Ashkenazi S.J. Involvement of prostaglandins in an animal model of Shigella-related seizures.Neuroimmunol. 2005 ;168:34-9.
Balter-Seri J, Yuhas Y, Weizman A, Nofech-Mozes Y, Kaminsky E, Ashkenazi S. Role of nitric oxide in the enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae.Infect Immun. 1999;67:6364-8.
Yuhas Y, Shulman L, Weizman A, Kaminsky E, Vanichkin A, Ashkenazi S. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta in enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae.Infect Immun. 1999;67:1455-60.
Yuhas Y , Weizman A, Chrousos GP, Ovadia H, Ashkenazi S. Involvement of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone in an animal model of Shigella-related seizures.2004 ;153:36-9.
Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM. Shigellosis. Lancet. 2018, 24;391:801-812.
Seed PC. Shigella In: Kliegman RM, Blum NJ,Shah SS, St Geme III JV,Tasker RC,Wilson KM.Nelson Textbook of pediatrics, 21thed, 2020, Phila, Elsevier:1508-1511.
Shad AA, Shad WA. Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance.Arch Microbiol. 2021 ;203:45-58.
Wasif A Khan W, Jeffrey K Griffiths JK, Bennish ML Gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations of childhood shigellosis in a region where all four species of Shigella are endemic. PLoS One 2013 و 17;8:e64097.
Afroze F, Ahmed T, Sarmin M, Shahid A S, Shahunja KM, Shahrin L etal.Risk factors and outcome of Shigella encephalopathy in Bangladeshi children, PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2017, 28;11(4):e0005561.
Ashkenazi S, Cleary KR, Pickering LK, Murray BE, Cleary TG. The association of Shiga toxin and other cytotoxins with the neurologic manifestations of shigellosis.J Infect Dis. 1990;161:961-5.
BMI z-score -for-age. WHO Child Growth Standards.2007
Seçmeer G, Kanra G, Ceyhan M, Anlar FY, Yel L. Convulsions in childhood Shigella gastroenteritis. An evaluation of risk factors. Mikrobiyol Bul .1990 ;24(4):352-6.
Chisti MJ, Faruque AS, Khan WA, Das SK, Zabed MB,etal.Characteristics of children with Shigella encephalopathy: experience from a large urban diarrhea treatment center in Bangladesh.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 ;29:444-7.
ShamsizadehA, Nikfar R, Bavarsadian E. Neurological manifestations of shigellosis in children in southwestern Iran. . Pediatr Int 2012 ;54(1):127-30.
Ibrahim AF, Glass K, Williamson DA, Polkinghorne BG, Ingle DJ, Wright R, etal. The changing epidemiology of shigellosis in Australia, 2001-2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 1;17:e0010450.
Vubil D, Acácio S, Quintò L, Ballesté-Delpierre C, Nhampossa T, Kotloff K,etal.Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in children less than 5 years in Manhiça District, rural Mozambique.Infect Drug Resist. 2018 ,t 31;11:2095-2106.
Shah MV, Olowoyo O, Chandna S, Gurland I. Shigellosis is presenting as meningism.Cureus. 2021 27;13:e14707.
Hiranrattana A, Mekmullica J, Chatsuwan T, Pancharoen C, Thisyakorn U. Childhood shigellosis at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand: a 5-year review (1996-2000).
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 ;36:683-5.
Yuhas Y, Weizman A, Vanichkin A, Ashkenazi S.J. Involvement of prostaglandins in an animal model of Shigella-related seizures.Neuroimmunol. 2005 ;168:34-9.
Balter-Seri J, Yuhas Y, Weizman A, Nofech-Mozes Y, Kaminsky E, Ashkenazi S. Role of nitric oxide in the enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae.Infect Immun. 1999;67:6364-8.
Yuhas Y, Shulman L, Weizman A, Kaminsky E, Vanichkin A, Ashkenazi S. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta in enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae.Infect Immun. 1999;67:1455-60.
Yuhas Y , Weizman A, Chrousos GP, Ovadia H, Ashkenazi S. Involvement of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone in an animal model of Shigella-related seizures.2004 ;153:36-9.
Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM. Shigellosis. Lancet. 2018, 24;391:801-812.
Seed PC. Shigella In: Kliegman RM, Blum NJ,Shah SS, St Geme III JV,Tasker RC,Wilson KM.Nelson Textbook of pediatrics, 21thed, 2020, Phila, Elsevier:1508-1511.
Shad AA, Shad WA. Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance.Arch Microbiol. 2021 ;203:45-58.
Wasif A Khan W, Jeffrey K Griffiths JK, Bennish ML Gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations of childhood shigellosis in a region where all four species of Shigella are endemic. PLoS One 2013 و 17;8:e64097.
Afroze F, Ahmed T, Sarmin M, Shahid A S, Shahunja KM, Shahrin L etal.Risk factors and outcome of Shigella encephalopathy in Bangladeshi children, PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2017, 28;11(4):e0005561.
Ashkenazi S, Cleary KR, Pickering LK, Murray BE, Cleary TG. The association of Shiga toxin and other cytotoxins with the neurologic manifestations of shigellosis.J Infect Dis. 1990;161:961-5.
BMI z-score -for-age. WHO Child Growth Standards.2007
Seçmeer G, Kanra G, Ceyhan M, Anlar FY, Yel L. Convulsions in childhood Shigella gastroenteritis. An evaluation of risk factors. Mikrobiyol Bul .1990 ;24(4):352-6.
Chisti MJ, Faruque AS, Khan WA, Das SK, Zabed MB,etal.Characteristics of children with Shigella encephalopathy: experience from a large urban diarrhea treatment center in Bangladesh.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 ;29:444-7.
ShamsizadehA, Nikfar R, Bavarsadian E. Neurological manifestations of shigellosis in children in southwestern Iran. . Pediatr Int 2012 ;54(1):127-30.
Ibrahim AF, Glass K, Williamson DA, Polkinghorne BG, Ingle DJ, Wright R, etal. The changing epidemiology of shigellosis in Australia, 2001-2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 1;17:e0010450.
Vubil D, Acácio S, Quintò L, Ballesté-Delpierre C, Nhampossa T, Kotloff K,etal.Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in children less than 5 years in Manhiça District, rural Mozambique.Infect Drug Resist. 2018 ,t 31;11:2095-2106.
Shah MV, Olowoyo O, Chandna S, Gurland I. Shigellosis is presenting as meningism.Cureus. 2021 27;13:e14707.
Hiranrattana A, Mekmullica J, Chatsuwan T, Pancharoen C, Thisyakorn U. Childhood shigellosis at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand: a 5-year review (1996-2000).
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 ;36:683-5.
Yuhas Y, Weizman A, Vanichkin A, Ashkenazi S.J. Involvement of prostaglandins in an animal model of Shigella-related seizures.Neuroimmunol. 2005 ;168:34-9.
Balter-Seri J, Yuhas Y, Weizman A, Nofech-Mozes Y, Kaminsky E, Ashkenazi S. Role of nitric oxide in the enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae.Infect Immun. 1999;67:6364-8.
Yuhas Y, Shulman L, Weizman A, Kaminsky E, Vanichkin A, Ashkenazi S. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta in enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae.Infect Immun. 1999;67:1455-60.
Yuhas Y , Weizman A, Chrousos GP, Ovadia H, Ashkenazi S. Involvement of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone in an animal model of Shigella-related seizures.2004 ;153:36-9.
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