Body Mass Index Changes in Children and Adolescents Treated with Methylphenidate for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,
Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024),
12 March 2024
,
Page 73-82
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v18i2.38134
Abstract
Objectives
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity are major pediatric public health problems. The present study aimed to examine the association between these two health parties in our pediatric populations.
Materials & Methods
This study is a single group retrospective cohort study about Body Mass Index (BMI) changes in 149 children and adolescents between 3-18 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD based on one child and adolescent psychiatrist interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria (DSMIV-TR). All participants were treated with methylphenidate. Besides, they were reassessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Persian version (K-SADS-PL-P). Furthermore, the height, weight, and BMI of
participants were calculated. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measures, and Wilks’ lambda analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.
Results
The mean age of patients was 8.2±2.6 years, and 71.8% were boys. The obtained results showed that those treated with methylphenidate for more extended periods had higher BMI increases (p <0.001). The change in BMI was not related to the age at the start of treatment (p = 0.125), but this index was significantly different based on the years under treatment (p = 0.002). Moreover, changes in BMI were not significant based on gender (p = 0.850), the type of ADHD specifiers (p= 0.686), and concomitant drugs (p = 0.783).
- Body Mass Index; Child, Adolescent; Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder; Methylphenidate.
How to Cite
References
2. Kang NR, Kwack YS. An Update on Mental Health Problems and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Obesity. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2020;23(1):15-25.
3. Shah R, Grover S, Avasthi A. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Indian J Psychiatry. 2019;61(Suppl 2):176-93.
4. Hanć T. ADHD as a risk factor for obesity. Current state of research. Psychiatr Pol. 2018;52(2):309-22.
5. Cortese S. The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling. Brain Sci. 2019;9(10).
6. Cortese S, Tessari L. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: Update 2016. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(1):4.
7. Quesada D, Ahmed NU, Fennie K, Gollub EL, Ibrahimou B. A Review: Associations Between AttentioŽ deficit/hyperactivity Disorder, Physical Activity, Medication Use, Eating Behaviors and Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2018;32:495 504.
8. Weissenberger S, Ptacek R, Klicperova-Baker M, Erman A, Schonova K, Raboch J, et al. ADHD, Lifestyles and Comorbidities: A Call for an Holistic Perspective - from Medical to Societal Intervening Factors. Front Psychol. 2017;8:454.
9. Cortese S, Ramos Olazagasti MA, Klein RG, Castellanos FX, Proal E, Mannuzza S. Obesity in men with childhood ADHD: a 33-year controlled, prospective, follow-up study. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):e1731-8.
10. Schwartz BS, Bailey-Davis L, Bandeen-Roche K, Pollak J, Hirsch AG, Nau C, et al. Attention deficit disorder, stimulant use, and childhood body mass index trajectory. Pediatrics. 2014;133(4):668-76.
11. Hanson JA, Phillips LN, Hughes SM, Corson K. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, binge eating disorder symptomatology, and body mass index among college students. J Am Coll Health. 2020;68(5):543-9.
12. Egbert AH, Wilfley DE, Eddy KT, Boutelle KN, Zucker N, Peterson CB, et al. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Are Associated with Overeating with and without Loss of Control in Youth with Overweight/Obesity. Child Obes. 2018;14(1):50-7.
13. Patte KA, Davis CA, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter-Major J, Kennedy JL. A Behavioral Genetic Model of the Mechanisms Underlying the Link Between Obesity and Symptoms of ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2020;24(10):1425-36.
14. Hanć T, Cortese S. Attention deficit/hyperactivity-disorder and obesity: A review and model of current hypotheses explaining their comorbidity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;92:16-28.
15. Hilbert A, Kurz S, Dremmel D, Weihrauch Blüher S, Munsch S, Schmidt R. Cue reactivity, habituation, and eating in the absence of hunger in children with loss of control eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(3):223-32.
16. Racicka E, Hanć T, Giertuga K, Bryńska A, Wolańczyk T. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: The Significance of Comorbidities and Pharmacotherapy. J Atten Disord. 2018;22(12):1095-108.
17. Kousha M, Dalili S, Kiani SA, Zare M, Karambin MM, Heidarzadeh A, et al. BMI Changes in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Before and After Treatment with Methylphenidate. Iran J Pediatr. 2018;28(2):e7954.
18. Shahrivar Z, Kousha M, Moallemi S, Tehrani-Doost M, Alaghband-Rad J. The Reliability and Validity of Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Life-time Version - Persian Version. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2010;15(2):97-102.
19. Erhart M, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Wille N, Sawitzky-Rose B, Hölling H, Ravens-Sieberer U. Examining the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and overweight in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;21(1):39-49.
20. Holtkamp K, Konrad K, Müller B, Heussen N, Herpertz S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, et al. Overweight and obesity in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(5):685-9.
21. Fliers EA, Buitelaar JK, Maras A, Bul K, Höhle E, Faraone SV, et al. ADHD is a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2013;34(8):566-74.
22. Do EK, Haberstick BC, Williams RB, Lessem JM, Smolen A, Siegler IC, et al. The role of genetic and environmental influences on the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and BMI. Int J Obes (Lond). 2019;43(1):33-42.
23. Khalife N, Kantomaa M, Glover V, Tammelin T, Laitinen J, Ebeling H, et al. Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are risk factors for obesity and physical inactivity in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53(4):425-36.
24. Kim J, Mutyala B, Agiovlasitis S, Fernhall B. Health behaviors and obesity among US children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by gender and medication use. Prev Med. 2011;52(3-4):218-22.
- Abstract Viewed: 542 times