COVID -19–Associated Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy: A Case Report
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,
Vol. 17 No. 4 (2023),
26 October 2023
,
Page 163-169
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.38029
Abstract
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease in which most patients have pulmonary symptoms. However, several cases of CNS involvement associated with COVID-19 have been reported. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare CNS complication of viral infections such as influenza, herpes virus, and COVID-19, leading to high mortality and morbidity rates. Several cases of COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) have been reported since March 2020 in adults, with just a few cases in pediatrics.
This article reports a 5-month-old child who presented with seizures, with the final diagnosis of ANE as a complication of COVID-19.
MRI findings of ANEC, as reported in most COVID-19-associated ANEC case reports, involve bilateral, symmetric, multifocal lesions in the central thalami. Moreover, the brainstem, cerebral white
matter, and cerebellum could be affected.
The prognosis of COVID-19-associated ANE is poor, leading to neurologic dysfunction or mortality. COVID-19-associated ANE cases must be reported, especially in pediatrics, with detailed clinical history, laboratory data, and radiologic findings to introduce diagnostic criteria, prognosis, and a management protocol.
- COVID-19, Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy, Pediatric, Case Report
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