The Effect of an Exercise Package for Students with Intellectual Disability on Motor and Social Development Exercise package for students with Intellectual disability
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,
Vol. 17 No. 2 (2023),
16 March 2023
,
Page 93-110
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.36644
Abstract
Objectives
Physical activity and reducing inactivity improve health, well-being and benefits the social development of young people with intellectual disability (ID) lasting into adulthood. Therefore, given the importance of encouraging an active lifestyle in adolescents, researchers developed and evaluated the feasibility and potential effect of a novel “Sport Science Research Institute (SSRI) exercise package for young people with intellectual disability” to improve the motor and social development of these individuals.
Materials & Methods
In a Randomised controlled trial between October 2019 to February-2020, Thirty-six 7-18-year-old students with mild intellectual disabilities who were studying in a special school in Tehran received the invitation to the study. Students were randomly divided into intervention (18 students) and control (18 students) groups. Before and after the exercise program, three sessions per week for 12 weeks, motor proficiency was measured using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2), and social development was measured using the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS).
Results
Pupils in the intervention group completed 92% of the sessions. The results of the ANCOVA test showed that the exercise program led to a statistically significant improvement in total motor proficiency (P<0.01) and total social maturity score (P<0.015).
Conclusion
According to this study the, SSRI training package achieved good adherence and increased physical activity and showed potential to improve motor and social skills in young people with intellectual disability.
Keywords:
- Intellectual disability
- development
- psychomotor skills
- exercise package
How to Cite
Kashi, A., Dawes , H. ., Mansoubi , M. ., & Sarlak, Z. (2023). The Effect of an Exercise Package for Students with Intellectual Disability on Motor and Social Development: Exercise package for students with Intellectual disability. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 17(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.36644
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31. Yan Z, Finn K, Corcoran M. Using peer education to promote balance, fitness, and physical activity among individuals with intellectual disabilities. American Journal of Health Studies. 2015;30(4).
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33. Kashi A, Sarlak Z. The edeition of SSRI exercise training package for people with intellectual disability. Tehran, Iran Sport Science Research Institute (SSRI); 2020.
34. Wuang Y-P, Su C-Y. Reliability and responsiveness of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-in children with intellectual disability. Research in developmental disabilities. 2009;30(5):847-55.
35. Saulnier MD. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Slides; 2016.
36. Stapleton JN, Mack DE, Ginis KAM. Social influence, physical activity, and social cognitions among adults with physical disability: A meta-analysis. Kinesiology Review. 2017;6(3):271-85.
37. Latimer AE, Ginis KAM, Craven BC. Psychosocial predictors and exercise intentions and behavior among individuals with spinal cord injury. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2004;21(1):71-85.
2. Chow BC, Huang WY, Choi PH, Pan C-y. Design and methods of a multi-component physical activity program for adults with intellectual disabilities living in group homes. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 2016;14(1):35-40.
3. Cuesta-Vargas AI, Paz-Lourido B, Rodriguez A. Physical fitness profile in adults with intellectual disabilities: differences between levels of sport practice. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011;32(2):788-94.
4. Graham A, Reid G. Physical fitness of adults with an intellectual disability: A 13-year follow-up study. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 2000;71(2):152-61.
5. Salaun L, Berthouze‐Aranda SE. Physical fitness and fatness in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2012;25(3):231-9.
6. Kane KJ, Staples KL. A group motor skills program for children with coordination difficulties: Effect on fundamental movement skills and physical activity participation. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics. 2016;36(1):28-45.
7. Stodden DF, Goodway JD, Langendorfer SJ, Roberton MA, Rudisill ME, Garcia C, et al. A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest. 2008;60(2):290-306.
8. Vuijk PJ, Hartman E, Scherder E, Visscher C. Motor performance of children with mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning. Journal of intellectual disability research. 2010;54(11):955-65.
9. Huettig C, Auxter D, Pyfer J. Gross Motor Activities for Young Children with Special Needs: A Supplement To: Auxter/Pfyer/Huettig, Principles and Methods of Adapted Physical Education and Recreation Tenth Edition: McGraw-Hill; 2005.
10. Seok S, DaCosta B. Digital literacy of youth and young adults with intellectual disability predicted by support needs and social maturity. Assistive Technology. 2017;29(3):123-30.
11. Oviedo GR, Tamulevicius N, Guerra-Balic M. Physical activity and sedentary time in active and non-active adults with intellectual disability: a comparative study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(10):1761.
12. Einarsson IÓ, Ólafsson Á, Hinriksdóttir G, Jóhannsson E, Daly D, Arngrímsson SA. Differences in physical activity among youth with and without intellectual disability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(2):411-8.
13. Hinckson EA, Curtis A. Measuring physical activity in children and youth living with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Research in developmental disabilities. 2013;34(1):72-86.
14. Jung J, Leung W, Schram BM, Yun J. Meta-analysis of physical activity levels in youth with and without disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2018;35(4):381-402.
15. Lyons S, Corneille D, Coker P, Ellis C. A miracle in the outfield: The benefits of participation in organized baseball leagues for children with mental and physical disabilities. Therapeutic Recreation Journal. 2009;43(3):41-8.
16. Hsieh K, Rimmer J, Heller T. Obesity and associated factors in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2014;58(9):851-63.
17. Sohler N, Lubetkin E, Levy J, Soghomonian C, Rimmerman A. Factors associated with obesity and coronary heart disease in people with intellectual disabilities. Social Work in Health Care. 2009;48(1):76-89.
18. Draheim CC, McCubbin JA, Williams DP. Differences in cardiovascular disease risk between nondiabetic adults with mental retardation with and without Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation. 2002;107(3):201-11.
19. Rimmer JH, Vanderbom KA, Bandini LG, Drum CE, Luken K, Suarez-Balcazar Y, et al. GRAIDs: a framework for closing the gap in the availability of health promotion programs and interventions for people with disabilities. Implementation Science. 2014;9(1):1-9.
20. Yamaki K. Body weight status among adults with intellectual disability in the community. Mental retardation. 2005;43(1):1-10.
21. Prevention OoD, Promotion H. Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services. 2008.
22. Jobling A, Cuskelly M. Young people with Down syndrome: A preliminary investigation of health knowledge and associated behaviours. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability. 2006;31(4):210-8.
23. Merrick J, Bachar A, Carmeli E, Kodesh E. Effects of aerobic exercise on body composition and muscle strength in over-weight to obese old women with intellectual disability: a pilot study. The Open Rehabilitation Journal. 2013;6(1).
24. Carmeli E, Zinger-Vaknin T, Morad M, Merrick J. Can physical training have an effect on well-being in adults with mild intellectual disability? Mechanisms of ageing and development. 2005;126(2):299-304.
25. Johnson CC. The benefits of physical activity for youth with developmental disabilities: a systematic review. American journal of health promotion. 2009;23(3):157-67.
26. Shields N, Dodd KJ, Abblitt C. Do children with Down syndrome perform sufficient physical activity to maintain good health? A pilot study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2009;26(4):307-20.
27. Choi PHN, Cheung SY. Effects of an 8-week structured physical activity program on psychosocial behaviors of children with intellectual disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2016;33(1):1-14.
28. Moore G, Durstine JL, Painter P, Medicine ACoS. Acsm's exercise management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities, 4E: Human Kinetics; 2016.
29. Oviedo GR, Guerra-Balic M, Baynard T, Javierre C. Effects of aerobic, resistance and balance training in adults with intellectual disabilities. Research in developmental disabilities. 2014;35(11):2624-34.
30. Wu W-L, Yang Y-F, Chu I-H, Hsu H-T, Tsai F-H, Liang J-M. Effectiveness of a cross-circuit exercise training program in improving the fitness of overweight or obese adolescents with intellectual disability enrolled in special education schools. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2017;60:83-95.
31. Yan Z, Finn K, Corcoran M. Using peer education to promote balance, fitness, and physical activity among individuals with intellectual disabilities. American Journal of Health Studies. 2015;30(4).
32. Calders P, Elmahgoub S, de Mettelinge TR, Vandenbroeck C, Dewandele I, Rombaut L, et al. Effect of combined exercise training on physical and metabolic fitness in adults with intellectual disability: a controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation. 2011;25(12):1097-108.
33. Kashi A, Sarlak Z. The edeition of SSRI exercise training package for people with intellectual disability. Tehran, Iran Sport Science Research Institute (SSRI); 2020.
34. Wuang Y-P, Su C-Y. Reliability and responsiveness of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-in children with intellectual disability. Research in developmental disabilities. 2009;30(5):847-55.
35. Saulnier MD. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Slides; 2016.
36. Stapleton JN, Mack DE, Ginis KAM. Social influence, physical activity, and social cognitions among adults with physical disability: A meta-analysis. Kinesiology Review. 2017;6(3):271-85.
37. Latimer AE, Ginis KAM, Craven BC. Psychosocial predictors and exercise intentions and behavior among individuals with spinal cord injury. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 2004;21(1):71-85.
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