Post Herpetic Anti-NMDA- Receptor Encephalitis in an 18-month-old Infant
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology,
Vol. 17 No. 2 (2023),
16 Esfand 2023
,
Page 167-171
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.35356
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), is the most common cause of severe sporadic encephalitis worldwide.
HSE is occasionally accompanied by the recurrence of clinical symptoms that usually occur a few weeks following the initial infection. According to recent studies, the recurrence can be due to a secondary autoimmune mechanism rather than the virus invasion.
One of the most common etiologies for autoimmunity is Anti-NMethyl D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis. This disorder is a treatable autoimmune encephalitis manifesting as movement disorder or neuropsychological involvement
- Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis, Infant, Herpetic Encephalitis
How to Cite
References
Levitz RE. Herpes simplex encephalitis: a review. Heart & lung. 1998;27(3):209-12.
Kennedy P, Chaudhuri A. Herpes simplex encephalitis. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2002.
Nosadini M, Mohammad SS, Corazza F, Ruga EM, Kothur K, Perilongo G, et al. Herpes simplex virus‐induced anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis: a systematic literature review with analysis of 43 cases. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2017;59(8):796-805.
Mohammad SS, Sinclair K, Pillai S, Merheb V, Aumann TD, Gill D, et al. Herpes simplex encephalitis relapse with chorea is associated with autoantibodies to N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor or dopamine‐2 receptor. Movement Disorders. 2014;29(1):117-22.
Matoq AA, Rappoport AS, Yang Y, O'Babatunde J, Bakerywala R, Sheth RD. Anti-NMDA-receptor antibody encephalitis in infants. Epilepsy & behavior case reports. 2015;4:99-101.
Armangue T, Moris G, Cantarín-Extremera V, Conde CE, Rostasy K, Erro ME, et al. Autoimmune post–herpes simplex encephalitis of adults and teenagers. Neurology. 2015;85(20):1736-43.
Whitley RJ, Kimberlin DW, editors. Herpes simplex: encephalitis children and adolescents. Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases; 2005: Elsevier.
Armangue T, Spatola M, Vlagea A, Mattozzi S, Cárceles-Cordon M, Martinez-Heras E, et al. Frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis. The Lancet Neurology. 2018;17(9):760-72.
Armangue T, Leypoldt F, Málaga I, Raspall‐Chaure M, Marti I, Nichter C, et al. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a trigger of brain autoimmunity. Annals of neurology. 2014;75(2):317-23.
Wickström R, Fowler Å, Cooray G, Karlsson-Parra A, Grillner P. Viral triggering of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a child–an important cause for disease relapse. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2014;18(4):543-6.
Garg D, Mohammad SS, Sharma S. Autoimmune encephalitis in children: An update. Indian Pediatrics. 2020;57(7):662-70.
Suthar R, Saini AG, Sankhyan N, Sahu JK, Singhi P. Childhood anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2016;83(7):628-33.
Huang Q, Xie Y, Hu Z, Tang X. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A review of pathogenic mechanisms, treatment, prognosis. Brain research. 2020;1727:146549.
Armangue T, Titulaer MJ, Málaga I, Bataller L, Gabilondo I, Graus F, et al. Pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis—clinical analysis and novel findings in a series of 20 patients. The Journal of pediatrics. 2013;162(4):850-6. e2.
- Abstract Viewed: 245 times