Iranian Endodontic Journal

Abstract

Introduction: Knowledge of the internal anatomy of mandibular third molars is essential for successful endodontic treatment, yet their complex morphology often complicates management. This study evaluated the root canal morphology of mandibular third molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) according to Vertucci’s classification. Materials and Methods: A total of 653 CBCT scans were screened, and 274 mandibular third molars meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci, with atypical cases recorded as “type 0” for statistical purposes. Data were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test (α=0.05). Results: Vertucci type I was the most prevalent configuration (62.8%), followed by type V (17.4%). Sex and dental arch side significantly influenced the distribution of configurations (P=0.044 and P=0.013, respectively), while age did not (P=0.569). Distal and distolingual roots were predominantly type I, whereas mesial roots showed greater variability, particularly between sexes. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars exhibit considerable anatomical variation, with types I and V being most frequent. Patient sex and arch side significantly affect root canal morphology, underscoring the importance of detailed preoperative assessment with CBCT for accurate endodontic planning.