Gastrointestinal complications and Merkel cell polyomavirus: A narrative review on a clinical and molecular aspects Gastrointestinal diseases and Polyomavirus
Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench,
Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024),
14 April 2024
https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v17i2.2796
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a recently known, unique polyomavirus that is closely associated with human cancer. About 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) tumors are infected with MCPyV, with a monoclonal pattern of the viral genome integration into the host genome. MCPyV may usually shed from healthy adults' skin asymptomatically. A multimodal approach combining PCR and immunohistochemistry is a more sensitive and specific system for confirming MCPyV position between commonly used assays. MCC is a scarce but invasive skin cancer that affects approximately 3 out of every 1,000,000 members of the population. Factors that help MCC development include MCPyV infection, a weak immune system, and UV exposure. MCC is more happening in people over 60, Caucasians, and men. Inhibition of the programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) and programmed cell death1 ligand1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint demonstrated high efficiency in therapy for patients with metastatic MCC; although, all patients do not have a long-lasting response to immunotherapy. In this review, the authors focused on clinical and molecular aspects of MCPyV and MCC.
- Polyomavirus
- Gastrointestinal Diseases
- Gastrointestinal Cancers
- Viral infection
- programmed cell death protein 1
How to Cite
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