Restoration of Morphine-Induced Amnesia by Pediococcus acidilactici, an Indigenous Probiotics of Iran, in Male Wistar Rats
Archives of Medical Laboratory Sciences,
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018),
2 March 2019
https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v4i1.22846
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are living microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the microbial balance of the host intestine (human and animal). Studies demonstrated that intestinal microbiota maybe affect the hormones of brain and nervous through the vagus nerve. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus Pediococcus acidilactici, indigenous probiotics of Iran isolated from traditional dairy products, on passive avoidance learning of male Wistar rats.
Material and Methods: In this research, 80 male Wistar rats weighing from 80 to 100 grams were used. For induction of amnesia, morphine was used as an intraperitoneal injection. Afterward, the mice were with 0.1 ml of milk alone or containing 109 CFU/ml of. Pediococcus acidilactici for 8 months. In this study, a non-active avoidance learning behavioral test was used to test long-term memory in Wistar rats.
Results: Results displayed that in the control group, morphine (1 mg/rat) significantly decreased learning. In the groups receiving probiotic and probiotic extract plus morphine, there was a significant difference in learning circumstances with the control group.
Conclusions: The results of this study depict the beneficial effect of Pediococcus acidilactici, a native Iranian probiotic isolated from dairy products, in the learning quality of non-active conditional avoidance in rats induced by morphine. This indicates the effect of oral probiotics on improving memory and learning.
- Amnesia
- Probiotic
- Morphine
- Lactobacillus Pediococcus acidilactici
- Wistar rats
How to Cite
References
Buschke H, Fuld PA. Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology. 1974;24(11):1019-.
Kintsch W. Text comprehension, memory, and learning. American Psychologist. 1994;49(4):294.
Zarrindast M-R, Noorbakhshnia M, Motamedi F, Haeri-Rohani A, Rezayof A. Effect of the GABAergic system on memory formation and state-dependent learning induced by morphine in rats. Pharmacology. 2006;76(2):93-100.
Nestler EJ. Total recall--the memory of addiction. Science. 2001;292(5525):2266-7.
White JM, Irvine RJ. Mechanisms of fatal opioid overdose. Addiction. 1999;94(7):961-72.
Khavandgar S, Homayoun H, Zarrindast MR. The effect of L-NAME and L-arginine on impairment of memory formation and state-dependent learning induced by morphine in mice. Psychopharmacology. 2003;167(3):291-6.
Bannon A, Decker M, Holladay M, Curzon P, Donnelly-Roberts D, Puttfarcken P, et al. Broad-spectrum, non-opioid analgesic activity by selective modulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Science. 1998;279(5347):77-80.
Biala G, Weglinska B. On the mechanism of cross-tolerance between morphine-and nicotine-induced antinociception: involvement of calcium channels. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2006;30(1):15-21.
Hyman SE. Addiction: a disease of learning and memory. Focus. 2007;5(2):220-8.
McClelland JL, McNaughton BL, O'reilly RC. Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological review. 1995;102(3):419.
O'reilly RC, Rudy JW. Conjunctive representations in learning and memory: principles of cortical and hippocampal function. Psychological review. 2001;108(2):311.
Jarrard LE. On the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory in the rat. Behavioral and neural biology. 1993;60(1):9-26.
AFRC RF. Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Microbiol. 1989;66(5):365-78.
Prasad J, Gill H, Smart J, Gopal PK. Selection and characterisation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for use as probiotics. International Dairy Journal. 1998;8(12):993-1002.
Charteris W, Kelly P, Morelli L, Collins J. Development and application of an in vitro methodology to determine the transit tolerance of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in the upper human gastrointestinal tract. Journal of applied microbiology. 1998;84(5):759-68.
Wang H, Lee IS, Braun C, Enck P. Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review. Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility. 2016;22(4):589-605.
Ebrahimi MT, Ouweh AC, Hejazi MA, Jafari P. Traditional Iranian dairy products: A source of potential probiotic lactobacilli. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2011;5(1):20-7.
Turner E. Hippocampus and memory. The Lancet. 1969;294(7630):1123-6.
Dusek JA, Eichenbaum H. The hippocampus and memory for orderly stimulus relations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1997;94(13):7109-14.
Marshall L, Born J. The contribution of sleep to hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2007;11(10):442-50.
Rios C, Gomes I, Devi LA. μ opioid and CB1 cannabinoid receptor interactions: reciprocal inhibition of receptor signaling and neuritogenesis. British journal of pharmacology. 2006;148(4):387-95.
Schlicker E, Kathmann M. Modulation of transmitter release via presynaptic cannabinoid receptors. Trends in pharmacological sciences. 2001;22(11):565-72.
McCormick DA. GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human cerebral cortex. Journal of neurophysiology. 1989;62(5):1018-27.
Mitsushima D, Hei DL, Terasawa E. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is an inhibitory neurotransmitter restricting the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone before the onset of puberty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1994;91(1):395-9.
Tillisch K, Labus J, Kilpatrick L, Jiang Z, Stains J, Ebrat B, et al. Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(7):1394-401. e4.
Kalueff AV, Nutt DJ. Role of GABA in anxiety and depression. Depression and anxiety. 2007;24(7):495-517.
Otmakhova N, Duzel E, Deutch AY, Lisman J. The hippocampal-VTA loop: the role of novelty and motivation in controlling the entry of information into long-term memory. Intrinsically motivated learning in natural and artificial systems: Springer; 2013. p. 235-54.
Kumaran D, Duzel E. The hippocampus and dopaminergic midbrain: old couple, new insights. Neuron. 2008;60(2):197-200.
Watanabe T, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto R, Maeda A, Minami M, Satoh M. Involvement of glutamate receptors within the central nucleus of the amygdala in naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal-induced conditioned place aversion in rats. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 2002;88(4):399-406.
Cryan JF, O’mahony S. The microbiome‐gut‐brain axis: from bowel to behavior. Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2011;23(3):187-92.
Meneses A, Perez-Garcia G, Ponce-Lopez T, Tellez R, Castillo C. Serotonin transporter and memory. Neuropharmacology. 2011;61(3):355-63.
O'hara R, Schröder C, Mahadevan R, Schatzberg A, Lindley S, Fox S, et al. Serotonin transporter polymorphism, memory and hippocampal volume in the elderly: association and interaction with cortisol. Molecular psychiatry. 2007;12(6):544.
Nishimura M, Shiigi Y, Kaneto H. State dependent and/or direct memory retrieval by morphine in mice. Psychopharmacology. 1990;100(1):27-30.
Khavandgar S, Homayoun H, Torkaman-Boutorabi A, Zarrindast MR. The effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on morphine state-dependent memory of passive avoidance. Neurobiology of learning and memory. 2002;78(2):390-405.
Agrawal R. Probiotics: an emerging food supplement with health benefits. Food Biotechnology. 2005;19(3):227-46.
Smith A. Patients taking stable doses of morphine may drive. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 1996;312(7022):56.
Gareau MG, Jury J, MacQueen G, Sherman PM, Perdue MH. Probiotic treatment of rat pups normalises corticosterone release and ameliorates colonic dysfunction induced by maternal separation. Gut. 2007;56(11):1522-8.
Collins SM, Bercik P. The relationship between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system in normal gastrointestinal function and disease. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(6):2003-14.
- Abstract Viewed: 183 times
- PDF Downloaded: 98 times