Quantitative Mineralogical Composition of Calculi and Urine Abnormalities for Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers: A Single-Center Results
Urology Journal,
Vol. 15 No. 3 (2018),
3 May 2018
,
Page 87-91
https://doi.org/10.22037/uj.v15i3.3910
Abstract
Purpose: The paper focuses on the relationship of risk factors and metabolic disorders with mineralogical composition of calculi, age and gender of calcium oxalate stone formers.Materials and Methods: Stone mineralogical composition, 24 hour biochemistry and pH-profile of urine were examined for sixty four stone formers using powder X-ray diffraction, spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques.
Results: The analysis indicated that 44 % of calculi were composed of pure calcium oxalate monohydrate, whereas other 56 % contained both monohydrate and dihydrate or usually their mixtures with hydroxyl apatite. Hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria were identified as the most frequent disorders. Patients with pure calcium oxalate stones and calcium oxalate mixed with apatite revealed different patterns including age, acid-base balance of urine, calcium, citrate excretion etc.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that most patients simultaneously reveal several risk factors. The special attention should be paid to normalize the daily citrate, calcium and urate excretion. High risk patients, such as postmenopausal females or stone formers with a high apatite content require a specific metabolic evaluation towards in highlighting abnormalities associated with stone formation.
How to Cite
References
Daudon M, Bazin D, Andre G, et al. Examination of whewellite kidney stones by scanning electron microscopy and powder neutron diffraction techniques. J Appl Cryst. 2009; 42: 109-15.
Schubert G. Urinary stone analysis. In: Rao PN, Preminger GN and Kavanagh JP, editors. Urinary Tract Stone Disease. London: Springer-Verlag; 2011. p. 341-53.
Wu W, Yang D, Tiselius H.-G, et al. The characteristics of the stone and urine composition in Chinese stone formers: primary report of a single-center results. Urology 2014;83: 732-7.
Ansari MS, Gupta NP, Hemal AH, et al. Spectrum of stone composition: structural analysis of 1050 upper urinary tract calculi from northern India. Int J Urol. 2005; 12: 12–6.
Laurence ME, Levillain P, Lacour B, Daudon M. Advantage of zero-crossing-point first-derivative spectrophotometry for the quantification of calcium oxalate crystalline phases by infrared spectrophotometry. Clin
Chim Acta 2000; 298: 1-11.
Hess B. Urinary citrate and citrate metabolism. In: Rao PN, Preminger GN and Kavanagh JP, editors. Urinary Tract Stone Disease. London:
Springer-Verlag; 2011. p. 181-4.
Caudarella R, Vescini F, Buffa A, Stefoni S. Citrate and mineral metabolism: kidney stones and bone disease. Front Bioscience 2003; 8:
-106.
Trinchieri A, Castelnuovo Ch, Lizzano R, Zanetti G. Calcium stone disease: a multiform reality. Urol Res. 2005; 33:194-8.
Bichler KH, Lahme C, Mattauch W, Strohmaier WL. Metabolische evaluation und metaphylaxe von harnsteinpatienten. Aktuel Urol. 2000; 31: 283-93.
Preminger GM, Tan YH: Pharmacologic prophylaxis of calcium stones. In: Stoller ML and Meng MV, editors. Urinary stone disease: the practical guide to medical and surgical management. New Jersey: Humana Press;
p. 269-84.
Tiselius H.-G. Risk formulas in calcium oxalate urolithiasis. W J Urol. 1997; 15:176-85.
Straub M., Strohmaier WL, Berg W, et al. Diagnosis and metaphylaxis of stone disease. Consensus concept of the national working committee on stone disease for the upcoming German urolithiasis guideline. W J Urol.
; 23:309-23.
Bazin D, Leroy C, Tielens F, et al. Hyperoxaluria is related to whewellite and hypercalciuria to weddellite: what happens when crystalline conversion occurs? C R Chimie 2016; 19:1492-503.
Pak CYC. Citrate and renal calculi: an update. Miner Elect Metab. 1994; 20: 371-377.
Grases F., Sanchis P., Perello J., Costa-Bauzá A. Role of uric acid in different types of calcium oxalate renal calculi. Int J Urol. 2006;
:252–6.
Kustov AV, Strelnikov AI, Airapetyan AO, Kheiderov ShM. New step-by-step algorithms for diagnosis of calcium oxalate urolithiasis based on a qualitative mineralogical composition of calculi. Clin Neph & Urol Sci
; 2:3.
Odvina CV, Pak CYC. Medical evaluation of stone disease. In: Stoller ML and Meng MV, editors. Urinary stone disease: the practical guide to medical and surgical management. New Jersey: Humana Press; 2007. p. 258-68.
- Abstract Viewed: 904 times
- PDF Downloaded: 389 times