Novelty in Biomedicine

Background: Self-regulation learning (SRLS) and emotional intelligence constructs among youth considering effectiveness and enhancement of optimization and quality of life.

Materials and Methods: The research sample composed of 200 students who studied at Iranian universities in 2016-17 academic year. SRLS and Goleman's emotional intelligence questionnaire were utilized in this research. Collected data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate regression technique.

Results: Scores of goal setting and planning (p=0.009) and self-consequating (p=0.021) were higher among females, and those of support from teacher (p=0.014), notes review (p=0.001), and homework review (p=0.004) were higher among males. Furthermore, regarding emotional intelligence, scores of self-motivation (p=0.012) and social skills (p=0.008) were higher among males.

Conclusion: Goal-setting and planning for these strategies help people organize materials more easily, and understand that, self-consequating includes learner’s judgement about his/her own capabilities, and this self-trust contributes to better implementation of his/her cognitive skills in his/her studies. Regarding the support from teacher, notes review and homework review among males, which fall within the scope of resource management strategies, by organizing learning environment, seeking support from parents and teacher, and adjusting efforts help the learner either eliminate or attenuate distraction, and the fact that others can help us. Furthermore, both note taking and note reading contribute to better recovery of information from memory. This strategy includes administrating or regulating one’s own and others’ emotions, appropriate adoption of those in human relationships, controlling instantaneous desires, and confronting opposite or negative emotions. Being composed of self-motivation and social skills, this strategy has higher levels among males.

Background: Gene therapy is one of the treatment method for diabetes mellitus. An insulin gene, under control of heat shock inducer promoter was used in the study.

Materials and Methods: Six mice used in this study. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in BALB/C mice and rats. Recombinant plasmid was injected to each animal. Animal’s blood sugar (BS) was measured. Warming was done at injection site with a hair dryer to induced gene expression.

Results: Immediately after warming blood sugar was increased in mouse 1 and decreased after one hour. However, blood sugar increased again in mice 2 and 4. Blood sugar increased for two hours after warming in mouse 3. Blood sugar increased to 150 mg/dl after STZ injection and immediately after warming reached to 160 mg/dl, after one hour BS dropped to 116 mg/dl and on the second hour was 126 mg/dl, in mouse 5 BS had an increasing trend, BS in mouse 6 had a similar pattern to mouse 2.

Conclusion: With fixing the defects of the project will be used in gene therapy in future.

Background: To define a series of variable that separates international hospitals from other ones is the main aim of this study.

Materials and Methods: After choosing some countries in the worldwide, two hospitals, which were the leaders on international patients’ admissions, were selected for investigating their main indicators according to world health organization framework for demonstrating performance assessment to attract patients from the universe.

Results: Under the first performance assessment dimension clinical effectiveness and safety, in chosen hospitals of Australia as Malaysia found (4), New Zealand (9), India (7) and Iran (1) indicator (s). The production efficiency and staff orientation dimensions concluded no difference in terms of quantity and type of indicators via countries. Next aspect as patient centeredness was consisted of 4 indicators in Australia, New Zealand (2), India (6) and Iran (5). Eventually, eight indicators asset from Australia, New Zealand (2), India (6) and Iran (6) for responsive governance.

Conclusion: Although the variables of international hospital’s performance assessment were the same with others, these should be more highlighted for attracting worldwide patients and strongly recommends the international authority for quality assurance.

Background: Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the common reproductive disorders which affecting the fertility of dairy cattle induces heavy financial burdens on herds owners. Various insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, collectively known as pesticides are frequently used in the agricultural systems of different countries. Given the fact that pesticides are known to have endocrine disrupting properties, exposure to these compounds may play a role in the development of COD.

Materials and Methods: The plasma concentrations of a complete profile of common pesticides including organophosphorus, organochlorine, and carbamate and pyrethroid compounds in the plasma of cattle with COD compared to healthy controls was examined. Moreover, plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines as well as oxidative stress parameters were investigated.

Results: No significant amounts of any of the pesticides investigated were detectable in the plasma of neither the healthy nor cystic cows. The plasma indices of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiol, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) did not show any significant differences between the affected and the control groups. Tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α), progesterone, lymphocyte, neutrophil, fibrinogen and MCHC had significantly higher amounts in the plasma of COD cows.

Conclusion: Findings of the present study do not support the notion that exposure to the studied pesticides is a contributing factor in the development of follicular cysts in dairy cattle. In addition, TNF-α might be affected as a factor in the pathogenesis of COD by an independent pathway of pesticides effect.

Background: The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is a major public health problem worldwide. Although being drug resistance is common in some countries and rare in others, the extent of this condition is not precisely known in most parts of Iran.

Materials and Methods: Clinical specimens from patients who had been in the hospital for at least 48 hours were included in this study. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI).

Results: Of 11164 patients that were investigated, 369 (3.3%) had nosocomial infections. The most frequently isolated organisms from all sites of infections were Acinetobacter species (14.2%), Escherichia coli (13.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.9%). Among the Gram-negative bacilli, Acinetobacter spp was mostly resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxon, co-trimoxazole and centamicin, while P. aeruginosa was frequently resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam (87%). Imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam were the most active antimicrobials against gram-negative microorganisms whereas vancomycin was the antimicrobial agent most consistently active against the Gram-positive cocci.

Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with nosocomial infection in Tehran, Iran. Using proper diagnostic criteria as well as administering more effective treatment may limit the frequency of drug-resistant bacteria associated with HAIs. 

Background: Drug dependence is one of the most important public health problems in societies. The purpose of the research was to develop a model for the return of addiction based on the components of perceived parenting practices, coping styles and hidden propensities in recovered without return and recovered returns.

Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all recovered clinics and drug addiction treatment centers in Gilan province (North of Iran) in the 2016-17. After passing the treatment period from the discharge center and obtaining a treatment period certificate, the health card they received at least one year of recovery when they performed this research. The sample group, which consisted of 300 patients aged 18 to 35 years with substance abuse history, were selected through available sampling method in two groups. In this research, in addition to obtaining personal information and obtaining a return status report, 5 tools were used as follows: perceived parenting skills questionnaire, coping skills scale, Adlerian basic scale for interpersonal success of adult version, opinion questionnaire Tempting, and perceived stress questionnaires. Data analyzed with LISREL software.

Results: The path and probabilistic relationships between the phenomena were studied. Based on matrix analysis, variance, covariance and correlation matrix, we investigated the possible relationships between the phenomena studied paid. The path analysis was used to determine the model. There was a positive and significant relationship between perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress with returning to addiction.

Conclusion: To return of addiction we proposed use of perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress.

Background: The obesity epidemic, at one time confined to adults, has now penetrated the pediatric age range and shows every sign of a rapid escalation. Obese children may be at increased risk of becoming obese adults. The aim of this study was to determine the height and weight and body mass index of first grade students at Imam Hossein Shahed elementry School in Tehran, Iran.

Materials and Methods: Body weight was measured by digital Microlife scale and height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with portable stadiometer in 51 first grade children aged 7-8 years.

Results: A total of 51 first grade students were evaluated, 33 (64.17%) had normal body mass index, 4 (7.84%) were underweight, 11 (21.57%) were overweight and 3 (5.88%) were thin.

Conclusion: Based on our findings, the prevalence of obesity was more pronounced than that of thinness in schoolchildren. Therefore, preventive measures for controlling obesity are necessary for public health promotion among schoolchildren.

Background and Aim: Viral infections in the intensive care units (ICUs) often involve the central nervous system or respiratory tract. These infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Science the fact that there is effective treatment against some viruses, knowing the viruses that cause infections in ICU can be a great help in managing these patients. Hence, the study reviewed the major viruses in the ICU. Materials and Methods: We searched published articles on trends of viral infections in the intensive care units (ICUs). The articles were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE. Conclusion: Due to the significant outbreak of viruses in the ICU and the presence of effective treatments against some viruses, knowing the important viruses in this area and rapid diagnosing and treatment can be important