COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Safety, Efficacy, and Post-COVID Implications
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026),
25 August 2026
,
Page 147-156
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v14i3.51074
Abstract
Background and Aim: Since SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019, individuals with cancer have been particularly vulnerable due to immunosuppression. Although the acute pandemic phase has ended, the virus remains endemic, making it important to assess the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in this high-risk population. Understanding vaccine responses in cancer patients can help guide post-COVID-era strategies, including booster policies, treatment scheduling, and mitigation of long-term COVID-19 complications in oncology care.
Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted using the terms “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” “malignancy,” “cancer,” “tumor,” and “vaccine.” Eligible studies reported safety or effectiveness outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid or hematologic malignancies.
Results: Vaccination elicited measurable immune responses in most patients, with seroconversion rates generally higher in solid tumors compared with hematological malignancies. Booster doses substantially improved antibody responses across all cancer populations. Vaccines were generally well tolerated, with common adverse effects including local reactions, fatigue, and myalgia, while serious vaccine-related complications were rare. Breakthrough infections and severe COVID-19 were uncommon
Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination is safe and induces immune responses in the majority of patients with cancer. Booster doses enhance immunity across all patient groups. Vaccination remains a key strategy to protect cancer patients, support treatment continuity, and reduce COVID-19–related complications. Further research is needed to assess long-term immunity, responses to different vaccine platforms, and efficacy across cancer treatments.
- Cancer
- COVID-19 vaccination
- SARS- CoV-2
- Safety
- Efficacy
- Adverse effect
How to Cite
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