Plasma Glycosaminoglycans: A new Promising tool for Assessment of Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Following Nephrectomy
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 12 No. 4 (2024),
28 September 2024
,
Page 142-148
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v12i4.45088
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrence is a major challenge that could radically affect patient survival. To date, there are no approved biomarkers for inclusion in the monitoring and follow-up of RCC; therefore, assessment of treatment response is lacking.
Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was carried out on biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma patients scheduled for nephrectomy at Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, between September 2022 and January 2024.
Results: A total of 160 samples were included in the study. Eighty samples were obtained from biopsy-proven non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, of which 40 were collected pre-nephrectomy, 40 were collected post-nephrectomy from the same patients, and 80 samples were collected from age and gender-matched healthy individuals. Total plasma glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) levels were analyzed through a manual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a non-competitive sandwich technique. Quantitative variables were summarized as means and standard deviation, while qualitative variables were summarized as frequency and percentage. A paired t-test was performed to check whether the difference between the mean plasma GAG levels in pre-nephrectomy and post-nephrectomy groups was significant.
Conclusion: The results revealed that post-nephrectomy GAG levels have significantly decreased compared to pre-nephrectomy levels (P<0.001). Plasma glycosaminoglycan levels could be promising markers for monitoring renal cell carcinoma patients post-nephrectomy.
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Nephrectomy
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
How to Cite
References
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49.
Peired AJ, Campi R, Angelotti ML, et al. Sex and gender differences in kidney cancer: clinical and experimental evidence. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:4588.
Zaman S. 17 million Pakistanis suffering from kidney diseases.
Manzoor U, Ali A, Ali SL, et al. Mutational screening of GDAP1 in dysphonia associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: clinical insights and phenotypic effects. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2023;21:1–11.
Huang K, Mashl RJ, Wu Y, et al. Pathogenic germline variants in 10,389 adult cancers. Cell. 2018;173:355–70.
Miriam N, Olayinka F, Olufunbi A, et al. Effect of Ethanolic Ocimum Tenuiflorum (Holy Basil) Extract on Diclofenac Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.
ALi A, Manzoor U, Ali SL, et al. Currently Trending and Futuristic Biological Modalities in The Management of Different Types of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2023;30:2948–70.
Ali SL, Ali A, Alamri A, et al. Genomic annotation for vaccine target identification and immunoinformatics-guided multi-epitope-based vaccine design against Songling virus through screening its whole genome encoded proteins. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1284366.
Nwanna E, Ojo R, Shafiq N, et al. An In Silico In Vitro and In Vivo Study on the Influence of an Eggplant Fruit (Solanum anguivi Lam) Diet on Metabolic Dysfunction in the Sucrose-Induced Diabetic-like Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Foods. 2024;13:559.
Kase AM, George DJ, Ramalingam S. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from biology to treatment. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:665.
Sun M, Choueiri TK. Recurrence in renal cell carcinoma: the work is not done. Nat Rev Urol. 2016;13:246–7.
Saleem Naz Babari I, Islam M, Saeed H, et al. Design, synthesis, in-vitro biological profiling and molecular docking of some novel oxazolones and imidazolones exhibiting good inhibitory potential against acetylcholine esterase. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2024;1–18.
Ali SL, Ali A, Alamri A. Genomic annotation for vaccine target identi fi cation and multi-epitope-based vaccine design against Songling virus through screening its whole genome encoded proteins. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu. 2023.1284366.
Belldegrun AS, Klatte T, Shuch B, et al. Cancer‐specific survival outcomes among patients treated during the cytokine era of kidney cancer (1989‐2005) A benchmark for emerging targeted cancer therapies. Cancer. 2008;113:2457–63.
Dabestani S, Thorstenson A, Lindblad P, et al. Renal cell carcinoma recurrences and metastases in primary non-metastatic patients: a population-based study. World J Urol. 2016;34:1081–6.
Gupta K, Miller JD, Li JZ, et al. Epidemiologic and socioeconomic burden of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): a literature review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2008;34:193–205.
Dabestani S, Beisland C, Stewart GD, et al. Long-term outcomes of follow-up for initially localised clear cell renal cell carcinoma: RECUR database analysis. Eur Urol Focus. 2019;5:857–66.
Shafiq N, Arshad M, Ali A, et al. Integrated computational modeling and in-silico validation of flavonoids-Alliuocide G and Alliuocide A as therapeutic agents for their multi-target potential: Combination of molecular docking, MM-GBSA, ADMET and DFT analysis. South African J Bot. 2024;169:276–300.
Beisland C, Guðbrandsdottir G, Reisæter LAR, et al. A prospective risk-stratified follow-up programme for radically treated renal cell carcinoma patients: evaluation after eight years of clinical use. World J Urol. 2016;34:1087–99.
Nuzzo PV, Berchuck JE, Korthauer K, et al. Detection of renal cell carcinoma using plasma and urine cell-free DNA methylomes. Nat Med. 2020;26:1041–3.
Li H, Bullock K, Gurjao C, et al. Metabolomic adaptations and correlates of survival to immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1–6.
Wieboldt R, Läubli H. Glycosaminoglycans in cancer therapy. Am J Physiol Physiol. 2022;322:1187–200.
Afratis N, Gialeli C, Nikitovic D, et al. Glycosaminoglycans: key players in cancer cell biology and treatment. FEBS J. 2012;279:1177–97.
Dinh P, Tran C, Dinh T, et al. Hsa_circRNA_0000284 acts as a ceRNA to participate in coronary heart disease progression by sponging miRNA-338-3p via regulating the expression of ETS1. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2023;1–14.
Jonasch E, Futreal PA, Davis IJ, et al. State of the science: an update on renal cell carcinoma. Mol cancer Res 2012; 10: 859–880.
Moch H, Srigley J, Delahunt B, et al. Biomarkers in renal cancer. Virchows Arch. 2014;464:359–65.
Parker AS, Eckel-Passow JE, Serie D, et al. Higher expression of topoisomerase II alpha is an independent marker of increased risk of cancer-specific death in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2014;66:929–935.
Gatto F, Blum KA, Hosseini SS, et al. Plasma glycosaminoglycans as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in surgically treated renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol Oncol. 2018;1:364–77.
Gatto F, Dabestani S, Bratulic S, et al. Plasma and urine free glycosaminoglycans as monitoring biomarkers in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma—a prospective cohort study. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2022;42:30–9.
Gatto F, Bratulic S, Jonasch E, et al. Plasma and Urine Free Glycosaminoglycans as Monitoring and Predictive Biomarkers in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. JCO Precis Oncol. 2023;7:e2200361.
Gatto F, Volpi N, Nilsson H, et al. Glycosaminoglycan profiling in patients' plasma and urine predicts the occurrence of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Rep. 2016;15:1822–36.
Yoo JY, Groer M, Dutra SV, Sarkar A, McSkimming DI. Correction: Yoo, JY, et al. Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1587. Microorganisms. 2020;8(12):2046.
Mazkour S, Shekarforoush SS, Basiri S. The effects of supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans spores on the intestinal microflora and growth performance in rat. Iranian journal of microbiology. 2019;11(3):260.
Adibpour N, Hosseininezhad M, Pahlevanlo A, Hussain MA. A review on Bacillus coagulans as a Spore-Forming Probiotic. Applied Food Biotechnology. 2019;6(2):91-100.
Azimirad M, Alebouyeh M, Naji T. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 8 in human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 by spore probiotics: B. coagulans and B. subtilis (natto). Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins. 2017;9:56-63.
Noori M, Azimirad M, Eslami G, Looha MA, Yadegar A, Ghalavand Z, Zali MR. Surface layer protein A from hypervirulent Clostridioides difficile ribotypes induce significant changes in the gene expression of tight junctions and inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells. BMC microbiology. 2022;22(1):259.
Lee JY, Lee JD, Phipps S, Noakes PG, Woodruff TM. Absence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) extends survival in the hSOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of neuroinflammation. 2015;12:1-9.
Shinde T, Vemuri R, Shastri MD, Perera AP, Tristram S, Stanley R, Eri R. Probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 spores exhibit excellent in-vitro functional efficacy in simulated gastric survival, mucosal adhesion and immunomodulation. Journal of Functional Foods. 2019;52:100-8.
Clair G, Esbelin J, Mallea S, Bornard I, Carlin F. The spore coat is essential for Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to pulsed light, and pulsed light treatment eliminates some spore coat proteins. International journal of food microbiology. 2020;323:108592.
Freedman KE, Hill JL, Wei Y, Vazquez AR, Grubb DS, Trotter RE, Wrigley SD, Johnson SA, Foster MT, Weir TL. Examining the gastrointestinal and immunomodulatory effects of the novel probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(5):2453.
Tobita K, Meguro R. Bacillus subtilis BN strain promotes Th1 response via Toll‐like receptor 2 in polarized mouse M1 macrophage. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2022;46(2):14046.
Permpoonpattana P, Hong HA, Khaneja R, Cutting SM. Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis strains as probiotics and their potential as a food ingredient. Beneficial microbes. 2012;3(2):127-36.
Tavares Batista M, Souza RD, Paccez JD, Luiz WB, Ferreira EL, Cavalcante RC, Ferreira RC, Ferreira LC. Gut adhesive Bacillus subtilis spores as a platform for mucosal delivery of antigens. Infection and immunity. 2014;82(4):1414-23.
Hong HA, Duc LH, Cutting SM. The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics. FEMS microbiology reviews. 2005;29(4):813-35.
Wang K, Yang X, Wu Z, Wang H, Li Q, Mei H, You R, Zhang Y. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide protected CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through intestinal homeostasis and the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2020;11:240.
Fan J, Liu S, Ai Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, et al. Fermented ginseng attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by activating the TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway and remediating gut barrier. Food & Function. 2021;12(2):852-61.
Yu P, Ke C, Guo J, Zhang X, Li B. Lactobacillus plantarum L15 alleviates colitis by inhibiting LPS-mediated NF-κB activation and ameliorates DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020; 11:575173.
Li T, Li F, Liu X, Liu J, Li D. Synergistic anti‐inflammatory effects of quercetin and catechin via inhibiting activation of TLR4–MyD88‐mediated NF‐κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Phytotherapy Research. 2019;33(3):756-67.
Wang Y, Lin J, Cheng Z, Wang T, Chen J, Long M. Bacillus coagulans TL3 Inhibits LPS‐Induced Caecum Damage in Rat by Regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB and Nrf2 Signal Pathways and Modulating Intestinal Microflora. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2022;2022(1):5463290.
- Abstract Viewed: 78 times
- pdf Downloaded: 47 times