ISSN: 2345-3346
Summer 2022
Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its associated factors in patients with COVID-19
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022),
,
Page 167-177
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v10i3.37858
Abstract
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) attaches to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors for penetrating cells. Because these receptors are extensively distributed in the intestine, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to increase the expression of ACE-2 receptors in the GI tract. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated factors in patients with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to December 2021. A total of 215 patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 infections using a real-time PCR test or a CT scan were included in the study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test on serum samples was used to evaluate the presence of H. pylori.
Results: All 215 positive patients for COVID-19 with a mean age of 59.72±17.23 were evaluated. Among them, 153 patients (71.2%) were H. pylori-positive. Moreover, H. pylori+/ COVID-19+ group showed higher mean age than H. pylori-/ COVID-19+ patients. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients regarding their medical background, drug history, BMI, and disease severity. The prognosis of the patients was severely worse in the H. pylori+/ COVID-19+ than in H. pylori-/ COVID-19+ patients.
Conclusion: Our study adds to the previous findings and provides evidence regarding the high prevalence of H. pylori in COVID-19 patients. These investigations could help us elucidate the relationship between H. pylori and respiratory system findings and better understand COVID-19.
- COVID-19, Gastrointestinal tract, Helicobacter pylori
How to Cite
References
Baj J, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Ciesielka M, Sitarz E, et al. COVID-19: Specific and Non-Specific Clinical Manifestations and Symptoms: The Current State of Knowledge. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1753.
Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-3.
D'Amico F, Baumgart DC, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Diarrhea During COVID-19 Infection: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(8):1663-72.
Baradaran Ghavami S, Pourhamzeh M, Farmani M, Keshavarz H, Shahrokh S, Shpichka A, et al. Cross-talk between immune system and microbiota in COVID-19. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2021(just-accepted).
Jones NL, Koletzko S, Goodman K, Bontems P, Cadranel S, Casswall T, et al. Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN Guidelines for the Management of Helicobacter pylori in Children and Adolescents (Update 2016). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64(6):991-1003.
de Korwin JD, Ianiro G, Gibiino G, Gasbarrini A. Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric diseases in 2017. Helicobacter. 2017;22 Suppl 1.
GonzÁlez I, Araya P, Rojas A. Helicobacter pylori infection and lung cancer: New insights and future challenges. Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer. 2018;21(9):658.
Kanbay M, Gur G, Akcay S, Yilmaz U. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in patients with chronic bronchitis. Respiratory medicine. 2005;99(10):1213-6.
Perri F, Clemente R, Festa V, De Ambrosio CC, Quitadamo M, Fusillo M, et al. Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha is increased in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and CagA antibodies.
Italian journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 1999;31(4):290-4.
Salama NR, Hartung ML, Müller A. Life in the human stomach: persistence strategies of the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013;11(6):385-99.
Muhammad JS, Sugiyama T, Zaidi SF. Gastric pathophysiological ins and outs of helicobacter pylori: a review. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013;63(12):1528-33.
Klausz G, Buzás E, Scharek P, Tiszlavicz L, Gyulai Z, Fülöp AK, et al. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric inflammation and local cytokine production in histamine-deficient (histidine decarboxylase knock-out) mice. Immunol Lett. 2004;94(3):223-8.
Sugimoto M, Yamaoka Y, Shirai N, Furuta T. Role of renin-angiotensin system in gastric oncogenesis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(3):442-51.
Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, Shan S, Zhou H, Fan S, et al. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2020;581(7807):215-20.
Bennett D, Bargagli E, Refini RM, Campagna MS, Gennari L, Nuti R, et al. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. European Respiratory Journal. 2014;43(2):635-8.
Wang L, Guan Y, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang F, et al. Association between chronic respiratory diseases and Helicobacter pylori: A meta-analysis. Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition). 2015;51(6):273-8.
Fazeli M, Pazira S, Pourhossein B, Rasooli A, Ansari N, Jalilian FAJNiB. Positive Result for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Test after a Long Time for the Patient with COVID-19 even after Discharge from the Hospital.9(3):152-5.
Genc AB, Yaylaci S, Dheir H, Senocak D, Ozozen E, Issever K, et al. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and its effect on prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Medical Science and Discovery. 2021;8(4):208-12.
Ford AC, Axon ATR. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and Public Health Implications. Helicobacter. 2010;15(s1):1-6.
O'Donohoe J, Sullivan P, Scott R, Rogers T, Brueton M, Barltrop D. Recurrent abdominal pain and Helicobacter pylori in a community‐based sample of London children. Acta Paediatrica. 1996;85(8):961-4.
Eshraghian A. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection among the healthy population in Iran and countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2014;20(46):17618.
Moosazadeh M, Lankarani KB, Afshari M. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children and adults of Iran. International journal of preventive medicine. 2016;7.
Ashtari S, Pourhoseingholi MA, Molaei M, Taslimi H, Zali MR. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is decreasing in Iranian patients. Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench. 2015;8(Suppl1):S23.
Nkuize M, De Wit S, Muls V, Delforge M, Miendje Deyi VY, Cadière GB, et al. HIV-Helicobacter pylori co-infection: antibiotic resistance, prevalence, and risk factors. PloS one. 2015;10(12):e0145119.
Nevin DT, Morgan CJ, Graham DY, Genta RM. Helicobacter pylori gastritis in HIV‐infected patients: A review. Helicobacter. 2014;19(5):323-9.
Sarfo FS, Eberhardt KA, Dompreh A, Kuffour EO, Soltau M, Schachscheider M, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with higher CD4 T cell counts and lower HIV-1 viral loads in ART-naïve HIV-positive patients in Ghana. Plos one. 2015;10(11):e0143388.
Roussos A, Tsimpoukas F, Anastasakou E, Alepopoulou D, Paizis I, Philippou N. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in patients with chronic bronchitis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2002;37(5):332-5.
Siva R, Birring SS, Berry M, Rowbottom A, Pavord ID. Peptic ulceration, Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology. 2013;18(4):728-31.
Bonnevie O. Causes of death in duodenal and gastric ulcer. Gastroenterology. 1977;73(5):1000-4.
Ebule AI, Ndze VN, Thierry NK, Etienne G, Vanella NHI, Nibeline BTN, et al. Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Respiratory Diseases in Cameroon Patients, Using GastroPanel® Serological Biomarkers (Pepsinogen I; Pepsinogen II; Gastrin-17; Helicobacter pylori IgG). Journal of Advances in Microbiology. 2021:23-8.
Zandi M, Nasimzade S, Pourhossein B, Fazeli M. A Snapshot Of Different Types Of Under Research Vaccines A Gainst Covid 1 9: A Review. 2020.
Mo P, Xing Y, Xiao Y, Deng L, Zhao Q, Wang H, et al. Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clinical infectious diseases. 2020.
Sugimoto M, Ohno T, Yamaoka Y. Expression of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor mRNAs in the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. Journal of gastroenterology. 2011;46(10):1177-86.
Sugimoto M, Ohno T, Graham DY, Yamaoka Y. Gastric mucosal interleukin‐17 and‐18 mRNA expression in Helicobacter pylori‐induced Mongolian gerbils. Cancer science. 2009;100(11):2152-9.
Hallersund P, Helander HF, Casselbrant A, Edebo A, Fändriks L, Elfvin A. Angiotensin II receptor expression and relation to Helicobacter pylori-infection in the stomach of the Mongolian gerbil. BMC gastroenterology. 2010;10(1):1-11.
Feldman M, Scharschmidt B, Sleisenger MH. Gastrointestinal and liver disease. ENDOSKOPIE HEUTE. 1998;11:221-.
Gómez FP, Rodriguez-Roisin R. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine. 2002;8(2):81-6.
Hu J, Wang Y. The Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19. Gerontology. 2021;67(3):255-66.
Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430-6.
Barron E, Bakhai C, Kar P, Weaver A, Bradley D, Ismail H, et al. Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2020;8(10):813-22.
Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Cummings C, Holstein R, et al. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019—COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–30, 2020. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2020;69(15):458.
Ibrahim A, Morais S, Ferro A, Lunet N, Peleteiro B. Sex-differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric and adult populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of 244 studies. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2017;49(7):742-9.
Rosenstock SJ, Jørgensen T, Andersen LP, Bonnevie O. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with lifestyle, chronic disease, body-indices, and age at menarche in Danish adults. Scandinavian journal of public health. 2000;28(1):32-40.
Vardavas CI, Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 2020;18:20.
Meng K, Guan H. [Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV].[J]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2020;48:E004.
Wu J, Li W, Shi X, Chen Z, Jiang B, Liu J, et al. Early antiviral treatment contributes to alleviate the severity and improve the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Journal of internal medicine. 2020;288(1):128-38.
Arslan E, Atılgan H, Yavaşoğlu İ. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in obese subjects. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2009;20(7):695-7.
Du Y, Lv Y, Zha W, Zhou N, Hong X. Association of body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: A dose-response meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2021;117:154373.
Palaiodimos L, Kokkinidis DG, Li W, Karamanis D, Ognibene J, Arora S, et al. Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York. Metabolism. 2020;108:154262.
Jia X, Yin C, Lu S, Chen Y, Liu Q, Bai J, et al. Two things about COVID-19 might need attention. 2020.
Gao M, Piernas C, Astbury NM, Hippisley-Cox J, O'Rahilly S, Aveyard P, et al. Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6· 9 million people in England: a prospective, community-based, cohort study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2021;9(6):350-9.
Zhu Z, Wang M, Lin W, Cai Q, Zhang L, Chen D, et al. Cardiac biomarkers, cardiac injury, and comorbidities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9(4):1071-100.
Niu S, Tian S, Lou J, Kang X, Zhang L, Lian H, et al. Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2020;89:104058.
Savoia C, Volpe M, Kreutz R. Hypertension, a Moving Target in COVID-19: Current Views and Perspectives. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):1062-79.
McGonagle D, Sharif K, O'Regan A, Bridgewood C. The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease. Autoimmunity reviews. 2020;19(6):102537.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62.
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(5):475-81.
Joannidis M, Forni LG, Klein SJ, Honore PM, Kashani K, Ostermann M, et al. Lung–kidney interactions in critically ill patients: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 21 Workgroup. Intensive care medicine. 2020;46(4):654-72.
Papamichael KX, Papaioannou G, Karga H, Roussos A, Mantzaris GJ. Helicobacter pylori infection and endocrine disorders: is there a link? World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2009;15(22):2701.
Mantovani A, Byrne CD, Zheng M-H, Targher G. Diabetes as a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity and in-hospital death: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020;30(8):1236-48.
Alvarado-Vasquez N. Could a family history of type 2 diabetes be a risk factor to the endothelial damage in the patient with COVID-19? Med Hypotheses. 2021;146:110378-.
GonzÁlez I, Araya P, Rojas A. Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Lung Cancer: New Insights and Future Challenges. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2018;21(9):658-62.
Muhammad JS, Sugiyama T, Zaidi SF. Gastric pathophysiological ins and outs of helicobacter pylori: a review. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013;63(12):1528-33.
Arismendi Sosa AC, Salinas Ibáñez AG, Pérez Chaca MV, Penissi AB, Gómez NN, Vega AE. Study of Helicobacter pylori infection on lung using an animal model. Microb Pathog. 2018;123:410-8.
Kakodkar P, Kaka N, Baig MN. A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Clinical Presentation, and Management of the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7560.
Jones NL, Koletzko S, Goodman K, Bontems P, Cadranel S, Casswall T, et al. Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori in children and adolescents (update 2016). Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2017;64(6):991-1003.
- Abstract Viewed: 155 times
- pdf Downloaded: 41 times
