The relationship between attachment styles and autistic traits: considering the mediating role of empathy
Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences,
Vol. 24 No. 1 (2019),
31 Shahrivar 2020
,
Page e13
Abstract
Introduction: This purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between autistic traits and attachment styles, and also the mediating role of empathy.
Materials and Methods: 254 students of Tehran’s universities were chosen by using cluster-sampling method. After that, the demographic questionnaire, Close Relationship-Revised Questionnaire (ECR-R), Autism Spectrum Quotient–Short (AQ-S), and The Empathy Quotient-Short (EQ-S) forms were distributed amongst them in order to be filled.
Results: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient indicated that there is a significant relationship between the components of autistic traits with empathy, and avoidance and anxiety attachment. Also, there was a significant relationship between empathy and avoidance and anxiety attachment. Chi-square, SRMR, and other indexes indicate that empathy mediates the relationship between the autistic traits with the anxiety and avoidance attachment styles.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded in the way that individuals with high autistic traits have lower empathy. Individuals, who report more anxiety and avoidance attachment, are less likely to have empathy in their relationships. As a final point, the high autistic traits are correlated with anxiety and avoidance attachment through their association with low empathy.
Keywords:
- Autistic traits; Attachment styles; Empathy; Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
How to Cite
Ameli, S., Ghaderi, S. ., Aslezaker, . M. ., DavazdahEmami, M. H. ., & Dadashzadeh, H. . (2020). The relationship between attachment styles and autistic traits: considering the mediating role of empathy . Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences, 24(1), e13. Retrieved from https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/index.php/rbms/article/view/32168
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1. Aan het Rot, M., & Hogenelst, K. (2014). The influence of affective empathy and autism spectrum traits on empathic accuracy. PLoS One, 9(6), e98436. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098436
2. Alonso‐arbiol, I., Balluerka, N., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). A Spanish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) adult attachment questionnaire. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 45-63.
3. Association, A. P. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub.
4. Austin, E. J. (2005). Personality correlates of the broader autism phenotype as assessed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Personality and Individual Differences, 38(2), 451-460.
5. Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. J Autism Dev Disord, 34(2), 163-175.
6. Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 42(2), 241-251.
7. Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, malesand females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 31(1), 5-17.
8. Bauminger, N., Solomon, M., Aviezer, A., Heung, K., Gazit, L., Brown, J., & Rogers, S. J. (2008). Children with autism and their friends: a multidimensional study of friendship in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 36(2), 135-150. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9156-x
9. Baxter, A. J., Brugha, T. S., Erskine, H. E., Scheurer, R. W., Vos, T., & Scott, J. G. (2015). The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med, 45(3), 601-613. doi:10.1017/S003329171400172X
10. Bejerot, S., Eriksson, J. M., & Mortberg, E. (2014). Social anxiety in adult autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Res, 220(1-2), 705-707. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.030
11. Boag, E. M., & Carnelley, K. B. (2016). Attachment and prejudice: The mediating role of empathy. Br J Soc Psychol, 55(2), 337-356. doi:10.1111/bjso.12132
12. Bowlby, J. (1982). CITATION CLASSIC-ATTACHMENT AND LOSS, VOL 1, ATTACHMENT. Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences(29), 18-18.
13. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview.
14. Britton, P. C., & Fuendeling, J. M. (2005). The relations among varieties of adult attachment and the components of empathy. The Journal of social psychology, 145(5), 519-530.
15. Chevallier, C., Kohls, G., Troiani, V., Brodkin, E. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2012). The social motivation theory of autism. Trends Cogn Sci, 16(4), 231-239. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.02.007
16. Chris Fraley, R. (2002). Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and social psychology review, 6(2), 123-151.
17. Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: an attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. J Pers Soc Psychol, 78(6), 1053-1073.
18. Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60(5), 524-530. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524
19. Cotler, T. (2012). The Relationship Among Attachment Patterns, Mentalization, and Empathy. Dr. Sci. Philosophy) diss. Adelphi.
20. Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 44(1), 113.
21. Davis, M. H., & Oathout, H. A. (1987). Maintenance of satisfaction in romantic relationships: Empathy and relational competence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(2), 397.
22. Davis, M. H., & Oathout, H. A. (1992). The effect of dispositional empathy on romantic relationship behaviors: Heterosocial anxiety as a moderating influence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 76-83.
23. Dimitrijević, A., Hanak, N., Vukosavljević-Gvozden, T., & Opačić, G. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the Empathy Quotient (S-EQ). Psihologija, 45(3), 257-276.
24. Dozier, M., Cue, K. L., & Barnett, L. (1994). Clinicians as caregivers: Role of attachment organization in treatment. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 62(4), 793.
25. Dziobek, I., Rogers, K., Fleck, S., Bahnemann, M., Heekeren, H. R., Wolf, O. T., & Convit, A. (2008). Dissociation of cognitive and emotional empathy in adults with Asperger syndrome using the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET). Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 38(3), 464-473.
26. Fairchild, A. J., & Finney, S. J. (2006). Investigating validity evidence for the experiences in close relationships-revised questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(1), 116-135.
27. Feeney, J. A. (1999). Adult romantic attachment and couple relationships.
28. Folstein, S., & Rutter, M. (1977). Infantile autism: a genetic study of 21 twin pairs. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 18(4), 297-321.
29. Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. J Pers Soc Psychol, 78(2), 350-365.
30. Franzoi, S. L., Davis, M. H., & Young, R. D. (1985). The effects of private self-consciousness and perspective taking on satisfaction in close relationships. J Pers Soc Psychol, 48(6), 1584-1594.
31. Gallitto, E., & Leth-Steensen, C. (2015). Autistic traits and adult attachment styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 79, 63-67.
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