Determination of anterior femoral bowing to length ratio in Iranian population
Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences,
Vol. 24 No. 1 (2019),
,
Page e2
Abstract
Due to the existence of different races and ethnicities and their different life styles, anatomical structure of people vary from one region of the world to another. The goal of this study is to determine the anterior femoral bowing to length ratio, which can be useful for planning major medical and therapeutic projects as well as designing medical equipment (including nails, orthoses and prosthetics). Lateral X-rays of femur bones of 250 patients who referred to Taleghani hospital in recent years (2011-2016) were retrieved from hospital archives and studied. 150 patients were females and 100 were males, ages ranging from 16 to 57 years old. All patients were Iranians with different ethnical backgrounds that referred to radiology centers of Tehran and Taleghani hospital and their records were saved in these centers archive. Based on femoral length, X-rays were categorized into eight groups; 300mm, 320mm, 340mm, 360mm, 380mm, 400mm, 420mm and 440mm, which are standards for manufacturing femoral nails in Iran as well as imported nails to Iran. Results showed significant difference compared to available femoral nails on the Iranian market, which indicates that these nails are not standard for Iranian population. Data analysis was based on anterior femoral bowing to length ratio alone. Gender and age were not considered for data analysis in this study and results were conclusive for all ages and genders.
Keywords:
- Femoral nail; Anterior bowing of femur; Iranian population, Femur
How to Cite
Amanjani, A. R., Zandi, R., & Samandari, S. S. (2020). Determination of anterior femoral bowing to length ratio in Iranian population. Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences, 24(1), e2. Retrieved from https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/index.php/rbms/article/view/32133
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40. H, D.V., The skull of the South African Negros: a biometric and morphological study. Johannesburg. Witwatersrand University, 1968.
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42. C, C., Anatomical variations in the proximal part of the femur: differences between sexes and groups. 24th Congress of the Anatomical Society of Southern, Africa, 1994.
43. SA, A., Sex determination from the head of the femur of South African whites and blacks. Forensic Sci Int, 2001. 117: p. 8.
44. M, D., S. M, and K. L, Stature estimation from bones of South African whites.S Afr J Sci,2008. 104:p.9.
45. PV, T., Memories of Robert James Terry (1871–1966) and the genesis of the Terry and Dart collections of human skeletons. Adler Mus Bull, 1987. 13: p. 31.
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47. Siddiqi, N., Comparison of osteometric femoral bone dimensions among the South Africans of different ethnic groups and South African whites. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2013. 3: p. 8.
2. Decker, M.M., et al., Distal tibia allograft for glenohumeral instability: does radius of curvature match? Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, September 2016. 25(9): p. 7.
3. Netter, F.H., Atlas of Human Anatomy. Book 2014: p. 640.
4. Shackelford and Trinkaus, Late pleistocene human femoral diaphyseal curvature. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002. 119(118).
5. Stewart.TD, Anterior femoral curvature: its utility for race identification. Hum Biol, 1962(34).
6. NA, W., A study of anterior femoral curvature in man. Anat Rec, 1965. 151(4).
7. Murray and Selby.D, Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the primary development of the skeleton. Roux Arch, 1930. 122.
8. PDF, M., A study of the development and structure of the vertebrate skeleton. Cambridge University Press,London, 1936.
9. J, W., The law of bone remodelling (trans: Maquet P, Furlong R). Springer, New York, 1986.
10. TM, Y., et al., Variances in sagittal femoral shaft bowing in patients undergoing TKA. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2007: p. 6.
11. A.H.Brook, et al., Variability and patterning in permanent tooth size of four human ethnic groups. Archives of Oral Biology, December 2009. 54: p. 7.
12. Xiong, D.-H., et al., Genome-wide Association and Follow-Up Replication Studies Identified ADAMTS18 and TGFBR3 as Bone Mass Candidate Genes in Different Ethnic Groups. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 13 March 2009. 84(3): p. 11.
13. Sol, M.d., et al., Clavicular facet of the coracoclavicular joint: Analysis in modern skeletons of the mapuche indigenous individuals. Original Research Article Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, June 2014. 63(1): p. 5.
14. Torimitsu, S. and Y. Makino, Anthropology: Stature Estimation from the Skeleton. Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine (Second Edition), 2016: p. 6.
15. Siddiqi, N., Comparison of osteometric femoral bone dimensions among the South Africans of different ethnic groups and South African whites. Original Research Article Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, March 2013. 3(1): p. 7.
16. Misra, A., J.S. Wasir, and N.K. Vikram, Waist circumference criteria for the diagnosis of abdominal obesity are not applicable uniformly to all populations and ethnicgroups. Nutrition, September 2005. 21(9): p. 9.
17. Shanbhogue, V.V., et al., Type 2 diabetes and the skeleton: new insights into sweet bones. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, February 2016. 4(2): p. 15.
18. Recommendations for age and sex diagnoses of skeletons. Journal of Human Evolution, November 1980. 9(7): p. 16.
19. Janane, A., et al., Bone scan findings in a North African ethnic group and relation to PSA levels and Gleason score of the biopsy. Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition), October 2011. 35(9): p. 6.
20. Leibowitz,E., et al., The Anterior Bow of the Femur and its Influence on Femoral Placement.2011:p.1.
21. KA, E., et al., Mismatch of current intramedullary nails with the anterior bow of the femur. J Orthop Trauma, 2004. 18: p. 7.
22. MC, H. and C. WL, Curvature of the femur and the proximal entry point for an intramedullary rod. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1987. 220.
23. RF, O. and L. MS, Penetration of the distal femoral anterior cortex during intramedullary nailing for subtrochanteric fractures: a report of three cases. J Orthop Trauma, 2005. 19: p. 9.
24. JA, S., E. C, and M. S, Prevention of cortical breach during placement of an antegrade intramedullary femoral nail. Orthopedics, 2013. 36: p. 9.
25. S, Z., et al., Using three-dimensional computational modeling to compare the geometrical fitness of two kinds of proximal femoral intramedullary nail for Chinese femur. Sci World J, 2013.
26. Egol, K.A., et al., Mismatch of Current Intramedullary Nails With the Anterior Bow of the Femur. J Orthop Trauma, 2004. 18: p. 6.
27. JJ, J. and R. C, Geodesic morphometry with applications to 3-D morpho-functional anatomy. Proc IEEE, 2003. 91: p. 10.
28. Ehmke, L.W., et al., FEMORAL INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING: GEOMETRY OF THE REAMED CANAL. p.2.
29. A, B., Morphological and physiological changes during growth. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2000. 54: p. 7.
30. CR, R., et al., Aging bone in men and women: beyond changes in bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int, 2003. 14: p. 8.
31. L, M., Bone structure and function in relation to aging and the menopause. Maturitas, 1997. 27: p.4.
32. R, R., Determinants of peak bone mass. Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 2006. 67: p. 2.
33. A, H., et al., The comparison of femoral curves and curves of contemporary intramedullary nails. Surg Radiol Anat, 2005. 27: p. 5.
34. MC, H. and C. WL, Curvature of the femur and the proximal entry point for an intramedullary rod. Clin Orthop, 1987. 220: p. 7.
35. BM, G., Anterior femoral curvature: its probable basis and utility as a criterion of racial assessment. Am J Phys Anthrop, 1975. 45: p. 4.
36. A, H. and K. HM, Determination of sex from femur in Anatolian Caucasians: a digital radiological study. J Forensic Leg Med, 2007. 14: p. 5.
37. MB, T., Anterior femoral curvature revisited: race assesment from the femur. J Forensic Sci, 1999. 44: p. 8.
38. Karakaş, H.M. and A. Harma, Femoral shaft bowing with age: a digital radiological study of Anatolian Caucasian adults. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 2008. 14(1): p. 4.
39. GA, M., Morphological asymmetries in southern African population. Further evidence for lateralization. Int J Anthropol, 1991. 6(2): p. 16.
40. H, D.V., The skull of the South African Negros: a biometric and morphological study. Johannesburg. Witwatersrand University, 1968.
41. MK, S., Lehrbuch der anthropologie. Stuttgart: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 1957.
42. C, C., Anatomical variations in the proximal part of the femur: differences between sexes and groups. 24th Congress of the Anatomical Society of Southern, Africa, 1994.
43. SA, A., Sex determination from the head of the femur of South African whites and blacks. Forensic Sci Int, 2001. 117: p. 8.
44. M, D., S. M, and K. L, Stature estimation from bones of South African whites.S Afr J Sci,2008. 104:p.9.
45. PV, T., Memories of Robert James Terry (1871–1966) and the genesis of the Terry and Dart collections of human skeletons. Adler Mus Bull, 1987. 13: p. 31.
46. PV, T., On the scientific, medical, dental and educational value of collections of human skeletons. Int J Anthropol, 1991. 6: p. 277.
47. Siddiqi, N., Comparison of osteometric femoral bone dimensions among the South Africans of different ethnic groups and South African whites. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2013. 3: p. 8.
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