The relationship between spiritual wellbeing and depression, stress, anxiety with cortisol level among nursing students
Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences,
Vol. 22 No. 1 (2017),
8 September 2018
,
Page e16
Abstract
Introduction: Stress is a public health problem in today’s world. Spiritual health is one of the health dimensions that can affect the other ones. This study is about the connection between spiritual health and stress and cortisol level among nursing students.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive analytic search that was done in Azad University, Rasht on 2013. Total of 100 students were participated in this study. Our tools for collecting data were included: demographic information such as, age, sex, occupation and marital status situation. Also, questionnaire about depression, anxiety and stress measurement (Dass_21) were utilized. Additionally, standard questionnaire about spiritual health (SWB) were used. The cortisol plasma was measured with Eliza method.
Results: According to this study, increasing the spiritual health will decrease depression, anxiety and stress among students. We also can conclude that by increasing the depression and anxiety, the cortisol level will increase. There is no connection between cortisol level and stress and spiritual health among these students, but there is a connection between believing in God (as a solution of problems and enjoying the life) and cortisol level.
- Spiritual health
- Stress
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Cortisol
How to Cite
References
Dalmida SG. Spirituality, mental health, physical health, and health-related quality of life among women with HIV/AIDS: integrating spirituality into mental health care. Issues in mental health nursing. 2006 Jan 1;27(2):185-98.
Chirico F. Spiritual well-being in the 21st century: It’s time to review the current WHO’s health definition. Journal of Health and Social Sciences. 2016;1(1):11-6.
Eames P, Cayley S. Spiritual wellbeing for older New Zealanders. Perspectives in public health. 2010 Mar;130(2):62-3.
Fisher J. The four domains model: Connecting spirituality, health and well-being. Religions. 2011 Jan 11;2(1):17-28.
Dhar N, Chaturvedi SK, Nandan D. Spiritual health scale 2011: Defining and measuring 4th dimension of health. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2011 Oct;36(4):275.
Stuckelberger A. Spirituality, Religion and Health United Nations Geneva Panel report: “Spirituality, Religion and Social Health” 58th World Health Assembly in Geneva. [Last accessed on 2005]. Available from: http://www. rcrescendo. org/ 11.Siritualitetpastorale/ GINEBRA/SPIRITUALITY.pdf.
Taheri-Kharameh Z, Abdi M, Omidi Koopaei R, Alizadeh M, Vahidabi V, Mirhoseini H. The relationship between religious-spiritual well-being and stress, anxiety, and depression in university students. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics. 2016 Mar 15;3(1):30-5.
Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Miller GE. Psychological stress and disease. Jama. 2007 Oct 10;298(14):1685-7.
Scott SB, Graham-Engeland JE, Engeland CG, Smyth JM, Almeida DM, Katz MJ, Lipton RB, Mogle JA, Munoz E, Ram N, Sliwinski MJ. The effects of stress on cognitive aging, physiology and emotion (ESCAPE) project. BMC psychiatry. 2015 Dec;15(1):146.
Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research.
Rippentrop AE, Altmaier EM, Chen JJ, Found EM, Keffala VJ. The relationship between religion/spirituality and physical health, mental health, and pain in a chronic pain population. Pain. 2005 Aug 1;116(3):311-21.
Baljani E, Kazemi M, Amanpour E, Tizfahm T. A survey on relationship between religion, spiritual wellbeing, hope and quality of life in patients with cancer. Evidence Based Care. 2011;1(1):51-62.
Davis DE, Worthington Jr EL, Hook JN, Hill PC. Research on religion/spirituality and forgiveness: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 2013 Nov;5(4):233.
Paloutzian RF, Park CL, editors. Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality. Guilford Publications; 2014 Dec 19.
Koenig HG, Al Zaben F, Khalifa DA. Religion, spirituality and mental health in the West and the Middle East. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2012 Jun 1;5(2):180-2.
Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the De-pression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS).
Alipoor R, Ebrahimi A, Omidi R, Hedayati A, Ranjbar H, Hosseinpour S. [Depression, anxiety, stress and related demo-graphic variables in nurses of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2014].Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2015;13(4):51-59.
Mosavi S M, Pourmarzi D. Dehganzadeh S, Ruzbehan B, Pourhamed G. Relationship between spiritual well-being and cortisol level in nursing students . pajoohande. 2015; 20 (1) :12-17
Kalyani MN, Pourjam E, Jamshidi N, Karimi S, Kalyani VN. Survey of stress, anxiety, depression and self-concept of students of Fasa University of medical sciences, 2010. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2013;3(3):235-40.
20. Bolhari j, Ehsanmanesh M, KarimiKaisami E. Relationship between the stressors, stress symptoms, and reliance on God (Tavakkol) in Medical students.IJPCP 2000; 6(1): 20-25
Bahrami DH, Alizadeh H, Ghobari BB, KARAMI AA. The effectiveness of group spirituality training on decreasing of depression in students, COUNSELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,2006:5(19): 49 - 72.
GhobaryBonab B, Hakimirad, , Habibic. Relation between mental health and spirituality in Tehran University student.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010; 5: 887–891.
Moeini M, Taleghani F, Mehrabi T, Musarezaie. Effect of a spiritual care program on levels of anxiety in patients with leukemia. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 2014; 19(1):88-93.
Musarezaie A, NajiEsfahani H, MomeniGhaleghasemi T, Karimian J, Ebrahimi A. The Relationship between Spiritual Wellbeing and Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients with Breast Cancer, Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 2012; 30(195):922-931.
Yeganeh T, Shaikhmahmoodi H Role of Religious Orientation in Predicting Marital Adjustment and Psychological Well-Being. Sociology Mind 2013. Vol.3, No.2, 131-136.
TuckI, Alleyne R, ThinganjanaW.Spirituality and Stress Management in Healthy Adults.journal of Holistic Nursing. 2006; 24(4): 245-253.
KirkM D. Investigating relationships between spiritual well-being, stress coping skills, and quality of life among African Americans, Native Americans and Latinos. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 2011.
Mckenna M. Spirituality and health:assessing the relationship between spiritual and religios well-being, depression and quality of life in clinical and non- clinical populations. York St John University, 2012.
Martinez BB, Custodio RP. Relationship between mental health and spiritual wellbeing among hemodialysis patients: a correlation study. Sao Paulo medical journal. 2014;132(1):23-30.
Kopacz M S. The spiritual health of veterans with a history of suicide ideation.Health Psychology &Behavioural Medicine, 2014; 2(1): 349–358.
Amjad F, Bokharey I Z.The Impact of Spiritual Wellbeing and Coping Strategies on Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal ofMuslim Mental Health,2014; 8(1).
Wachholtz A B, Pargament K I. Is Spirituality a Critical Ingredient of Meditation? Comparing the Effects of Spiritual Meditation, Secular Meditation, and Relaxation on Spiritual, Psychological, Cardiac, and Pain Outcomes.Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2005;28(4):369-384.
Mihaljevic S, Vuksan-Cusa B, Marcinko D, Koic E, Kuevic Z, Jakovljevic M. Spiritual Well-Being, Cortisol, andSuicidality in Croatian War VeteransSuffering from PTSD.J Relig Health, 2010;50(2):464. DOI 10.1007/s10943-010-9383-2.
Dedert E A, Studts J L, Weissbecker I, Salmon P G, Banis P L, Sephton S E. Religiosity May help preserve the cortisol rhythm in women with stress-related illness. INT’L J PSYCHIATRY IN MEDICINE, 2004; 34(1): 61-77.
Yeager DM, Glei DA, Au M, Lin HS, Sloan RP, Weinstein M. Religious involvement and health outcomes among older persons in Taiwan.SocSci Med, 2006;63(8):2228-41.
Tartaro J, Luecken L J, Gunn H E. Pressure and Cortisol Stress Responses Exploring Heart and Soul: Effects of Religiosity/Spirituality and Gender on Blood. J Health Psychol, 2005;10(6): 753–766.
Bormann JE, Aschbacher K, Wetherell J L, Roeschf S, Redwine L. Effects of faith/assurance on cortisol levels are enhanced by a spiritual mantram intervention in adults with HIV: A randomized trial. J Psychosom Res, 2009; 66(2): 161–171.
Anyfantakis D, Symvoulakis EK, Panagiotakos DB, Tsetis D, Castanas E, Shea S, VenihakiM,Lionis C. Impact of religiosity/spirituality on biological and preclinical markers related to cardiovascular disease, Results from the SPILI III study. HORMONES, 2013; 12(3):386-396.
Ironson G, Solomon GF, Balbin EG,O’Cleirigh C, George A, Kumar M, Larson D, Woods T E. The Ironson Woods Spirituality Religiousness Index is associated withlong survival, health behaviors, less distress, and lowcortisol in people with HIV/AIDS. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2002; 24(1): 34–48.
Bakheet MS. Serum Cortisol level in depression patients. Biochemistry Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences, 2013; 1(1): 005-008.
Jaremka L M, Glaser R, Loving T J, Malarkey W B, Stowell J R, Kiecolt-Glaser J K..Attachment Anxiety Is Linked to Alterations in Cortisol Production and Cellular Immunity. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(3):272-9.
Rydén M, Hedbäck B, Jonasson L. Does Stress Reduction Change the Levels of Cortisol Secretion in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease? JOURNAL OF CARDIOPULMONARY REHABILITATION AND PREVENTION, 2009; 5 (29): 314-317.
Faresjö Å O, Theodorsson E, Chatziarzenis M, Sapouna V, Claesson HP, Koppner J, Faresjö T. Higher Perceived Stress but Lower Cortisol Levels Found among Young Greek Adults Living in a Stressful Social Environment in Comparison with Swedish Young Adults. PLoS ONE, 2013; 9(8).http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073828.
McRae AL, Saladin ME, Brady KT, Upadhyaya H, Back SE, Timmerman MA. Stress reactivity: biological and subjective responses to the cold pressor and Trier social stressors. Human Psychopharmacol: Clin.Exp, 2006;21(6):377–385.
Hinkelmann K, Muhtz C, Dettenborn L, Agorastos A, Wingenfield K, et al. Association between childhood trauma and low hair cortisol in depressed patients and health control subjects. Biol Psychiatry, 2013; doi:pii: S0006-3223(13):00400-9.
- Abstract Viewed: 115 times
- PDF Downloaded: 77 times